不同挖掘方式对半夏机械化收获的效果分析  

Effect of Different Excavation Methods on Mechanized Harvest of Pinellia Ternata

作　　者：孔曼曼 张富贵[1] 郑乐 王震 杨贵川 张珍 Kong Manman;Zhang Fugui;Zheng Le;Wang Zhen;Yang Guichuan;Zhang Zhen(Department of College of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第10期62-69,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：贵州省半夏专家团队建设项目(黔财农[2019]175号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2797);贵州省中药材现代产业技术体系采收加工与轻简农机实验室建设项目(2019-2024);贵州大学引进人才启动基金项目(贵大人基[2019]68号)。

摘　　要：为解决丘陵山区粘性土壤条件下半夏机械化收获问题,以明薯率最大化、挖掘阻力最小化为目标,在实地测量出半夏物理尺寸及空间分布的基础上,分别针对平面铲、采抛铲、组合式挖掘装置3种挖掘方式在粘性土壤下的半夏采挖仿真模型,开展了基于EDEM的仿真分析。土壤含水率为33.89%~36.23%及0~5cm土层下半夏分布率占56.71%的条件下,分别描述3种不同挖掘方式的明薯率及作业阻力,结果表明:平面铲在试验过程中会造成严重的壅土情况,使半夏与土壤紧密结合一起,半夏明薯率为89.65%,刀具所受平均阻力为3643.91 N;采抛铲不同的转速会带来半夏与土壤过于分散或结合,半夏明薯率为72.22%,所受平均阻力为3044.87N;组合式挖掘装置壅土情况较轻,半夏与土壤结合状态利于分离,半夏明薯率为91.48%,所受平均阻力为2826.67N。综合考虑赫章等产区的土壤情况,组合式挖掘装置是比较适合自走式半夏收获机的挖掘部件。In order to solve the problem of mechanized harvesting of Pinellia ternata under the condition of cohesive soil in Hilly and mountainous areas,aiming at maximizing the rate of open potato and minimizing the excavation resistance,based on the field measurement of the physical size and spatial distribution of Pinellia ternata,the mining and excavation simulation model of Pinellia ternata under cohesive soil with plane shovel,mining and throwing shovel and combined digging device is established respectively,the simulation analysis based on edem is carried out.The results showed that when the soil moisture content was 33.89%~36.23%and the distribution rate of Pinellia ternata in 0~5cm soil layer accounted for 56.71%,the bright potato rate and operation resistance of three different excavation methods were described respectively.During the test,the plane shovel will cause serious backwater and make Pinellia ternata closely combined with the soil.The rate of bright potato of Pinellia ternata is 89.65%and the average resistance of the cutter is 3643.91N;different rotating speeds of the mining and throwing shovel will lead to excessive dispersion or combination of Pinellia ternata and soil.The bright potato rate of Pinellia ternata is 72.22%,and the average resistance is 3044.87N;the backwater of compound shovel is light,and the combination state of Pinellia ternata and soil is conducive to separation.The bright potato rate of Pinellia ternata is 91.48%,and the average resistance is 2826.67N.Considering the soil conditions in Hezhang and other production areas,the combined digging device is more suitable for the excavation parts of the self-propelled Pinellia ternata harvester.

关 键 词：半夏机械化收获 挖掘方式 离散元法 数理统计 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]