关于我国票据法中的利益返还请求权问题研究——兼评《票据法》第18条的合理性  

Research on the Right of Claim for Return of Interests in Negotiable Instruments Law of the People’s Republic of China--Concurrent Comments on the Rationality of Article 18 of Negotiable Instruments Law of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：王博文 陆岷峰 Wang Bowen;Lu Minfeng(Law School,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300221,China;Innovation and Development Research Center of Internet Finance,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院,天津300221 [2]南京工业大学互联网金融创新发展研究中心(江苏省高校哲社重点建设基地),江苏南京210000

出　　处：《漯河职业技术学院学报》2023年第1期64-70,共7页Journal of Luohe Vocational Technical College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字普惠金融促进乡村产业振兴的模式创新与政策研究”(20BJY114);江苏省社会科学基金项目“数字金融市场风险管控长效机制研究”(20EYB009);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(2019SJZDA063)。

摘　　要：长期以来,不论是票据利益返还请求权制度的存废,还是权利性质,又或是利益的返还范围,国内学者对此制度的批判和质疑不断。其中,“票据记载事项欠缺”“票据保全手续欠缺”均无法作为我国票据法上的利益返还请求权的成立要件。为了使利益返还请求权具备更强的制度价值,应厘清该项请求权与民事权利之间的关系,不能将其评价为不当得利之债权,而应将该项请求权界定为我国票据法上的特别法定权利。同时,在承认现行票据法之利益返还范围的前提下,原则上应当将相应的利息和行使利益返还请求权所支出的费用排除在返还范围之外。为平衡公平与效率,有必要维护我国票据法所规定的票据利益返还请求权制度,但应做适当修正以消除体系上的矛盾。For a long time,domestic scholars have criticized and questioned the right of claim for return of interests constantly,whether existence or abolishment of the system,or the nature of the right,or the scope of the return of interests.“The inadequacy of the recordings on the negotiable instruments”and“the lack of bill security formalities”cannot be used as the essential elements of the right of claim for return of interests in the negotiable instruments law in our country.In order to make the right of claim for return of interests have stronger institutional value,it is necessary to clarify the relationship between civil rights and the right of claim for return of interests,which should be defined as a special right in the negotiable instruments law of China rather than being evaluated as unjust enrichment.Simultaneously,on the premise of recognizing the scope of interest return in the negotiable instruments law,the corresponding interest and expenses incurred in exercising the right of claim for return of interests should be excluded from the scope of return in principle.To balance fairness and efficiency,it is necessary to maintain the system of claim for the return of interests stipulated in the negotiable instruments law of China,but appropriate amendments should be made to eliminate the contradictions in the system.

关 键 词：票据法 利益返还请求权 不当得利 

分 类 号：D922.287[政治法律—经济法学]