美国农村分散式污水治理的经验及启示  

Experience and insights on decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas in the United States

作　　者：周莉 王倩 李烨 ZHOU Li;WANG Qian;LI Ye(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第2期324-332,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业农村部农村社会事业专家咨询委员会研究课题(Z202005);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2021GH10,Y2022LM13)。

摘　　要：我国农村生活污水具有排放分散、集中处理难度大、污染面广等特点,造成了严重的农村水环境污染,成为现阶段我国农村人居环境整治面临的突出问题。美国农村分散式污水处理经过一百多年的发展已相当成熟,值得我国学习借鉴。本文通过梳理美国农村污水治理的发展历程,总结美国农村分散式污水治理在相关政策与法律、应用技术、技术规范及标准、资金支持、运行管理等方面的成功经验,提出对我国农村污水治理的启示,旨在拓宽我国农村生活污水治理思路、助力乡村振兴战略实施。Rural domestic wastewater in China has scattered discharge,difficult centralized treatment,and a wide pollution area,which has caused serious water environment pollution in rural areas.This is a prominent problem for the improvement of the rural living environment at present in China.After more than 100 years of development,rural decentralized wastewater treatment in the United States is well developed,with lessons worth learning for our country.By examining the development process for rural wastewater treatment in the United States,this paper summarizes successful experiences from rural decentralized wastewater treatment in the United States in relevant policies and laws,application technology,technical specifications and standards,financial support,and operation management.These findings offer important insights for rural wastewater treatment in China.This is vital to broaden ideas for rural domestic wastewater treatment and help the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy.

关 键 词：美国 农村 分散污水 治理 经验 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]