利用不同无机和有机固体废物配制技术新成土的研究  

Construction of Technosols by aggregating various inorganic and organic solid wastes

作　　者：周洋 刘迎春 郁山 王琛源 尹微琴[1] 徐乔 王圣森[1,2] 王小治 ZHOU Yang;LIU Yingchun;YU Shan;WANG Chenyuan;YIN Weiqin;XU Qiao;WANG Shengsen;WANG Xiaozhi(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Jiangsu Organic Solid Waste Recycling Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第2期445-454,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：江苏省现代农业项目(BE2018328);江苏省333高层次人才培养工程项目(BRA2020300)。

摘　　要：为拓展固体废物的利用途径,以生活污泥、蚯蚓粪、秸秆、粉煤灰、煤渣为原料通过为期3个月的室内恒温培养来制备技术新成土,研究不同原料配比对技术新成土理化性质的影响。结果表明:制备的技术新成土pH在7.08~7.69之间,水稳性团聚体总量为49.83%~86.44%,团聚体破碎率为13.10%~32.20%,平均质量直径和几何平均直径分别为0.54~1.04 mm和0.54~0.89 mm。培养后技术新成土的氮、磷、钾速效养分分别下降了11.03%~38.08%、5.79%~25.06%、0.11%~10.52%,总有机碳含量在5.26%~8.74%之间,整体养分含量处于较高水平。DTPA提取态Zn含量升高了15.74%~102.40%,DTPA提取态Cd含量降低了17.39%~65.02%。生物毒性实验表明有9种处理不会对植物生长产生明显影响,有3种处理需要对配方进行调整。综合pH、团聚体总量及稳定性、养分含量来看,所制备的技术新成土的性质基本达到了自然土壤的正常范围,可以用于土壤复垦、改良或代替部分自然土壤。污泥会导致处理中重金属Zn含量较高,因此制备的技术新成土应避免种植蔬菜、粮食等农作物。To expand the utilization of solid wastes,this study aimed to construct Technosols using aggregates from domestic sludge,vermicompost,straw,fly ash,and coal cinder,post a three-month constant-temperature incubation,and to elucidate the physicochemical properties of the constructed Technosols of various sizes.The results showed that the pH of the Technosols ranged from 7.08-7.69;the total amount of water-stable aggregates was 49.83%-86.44%;the percentage of aggregate destruction was 13.10%-32.20%;and the mean weight diameter and the geometric mean diameter was 0.54-1.04 mm and 0.54-0.89 mm,respectively.After incubation,soil nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium availability decreased by 11.03%-38.08%,5.79%-25.06%,and 0.11%–10.52%,respectively;soil total organic carbon was 5.26%-8.74%,and the overall nutrient content was at a relatively high level.The DTPA-extractable content for Zn and Cd increased and decreased by 15.74%-102.40%and 17.39%-65.02%,respectively.Biotoxicity experiments revealed that nine treatments had no effect on plant growth,and three treatments required adjustment of the aggregation.In general,the characteristics of the Technosols was comparable to that of natural soil relative to soil pH,the total amount and stability of aggregates,and soil nutrients,suggests that the Technosols can be used to reclaim and remediate contaminated soils,and to replace part of natural soils.However,the Technosols should not be used for growing crops such as vegetables and grains,because the sewage sludge leads to a high content of the heavy metal Zn in treatments.

关 键 词：固体废弃物 技术新成土 养分 土壤团聚体 重金属 

分 类 号：TU44[建筑科学—岩土工程] X705[建筑科学—土工工程]