四川省秸秆和畜禽粪便县域分布特征和资源化利用潜力  

County distribution characteristics and resource utilization potential of straw and livestock manure in Sichuan Province

作　　者：王越 李兰 况福虹[2] WANG Yue;LI Lan;KUANG Fuhong(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [2]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第2期455-467,共13页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2018YFD0200700);四川省重点研发计划项目(2022YFS0500)。

摘　　要：为明晰四川省近年秸秆和畜禽粪便分布格局和特征,基于2018年四川省县域尺度主要粮油作物产量和畜禽出栏量,通过空间分析明确四川主要粮油作物秸秆(水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜)和畜禽粪便(牛、羊、猪、家禽)资源分布状况及聚集区,探讨各县秸秆和畜禽粪便循环利用潜力和途径。结果表明:四川省2018年秸秆可收集总量为2808.55万t,呈现“一个中心,东密西疏”的分布规律,秸秆种类以玉米和水稻秸秆为主;畜禽粪便总量为8162.02万t,呈现“三个中心,外密内疏”的分布规律,猪粪占绝对优势,占比高达57.8%。2018年四川省秸秆肥料化理论上可节约当年全省7.4%氮肥和5.0%磷肥投入,可全量替代当年全省钾肥用量,秸秆能源化可替代1422.71万t标准煤或6.22×10^(9)m^(3)沼气。2018年四川省畜禽粪便全部肥料化可节约当年全省42.6%氮肥投入,可全量替代当年全省磷肥和钾肥用量,畜禽粪便能源化利用可折算成835.19万t标准煤或4.15×10^(9)m^(3)沼气。99%、95%和90%置信区间秸秆热点县分别有30、40个和48个,秸秆量占全省秸秆总量比例分别达39.4%、49.5%和56.3%;99%、95%和90%置信区间畜禽粪便热点县分别有23、31个和37个,畜禽粪便量占全省畜禽粪便总量比例分别达24.4%、33.9%和38.8%。研究表明,成都平原及川东丘陵区域是近年四川秸秆和畜禽粪便资源富集和循环利用重点区域,纯秸秆或纯粪便热点县选择利用模式时可以有各自的侧重点,21个秸秆-畜禽粪便双热点县可着重考虑种养结合模式,推行多层次、多元化利用格局。To clarify the distribution pattern and characteristics of straw and livestock manure in Sichuan Province in recent years and provide a scientific basis for the resource utilization of agricultural waste in Sichuan Province,this study discusses the potential and ways of recycling straw and livestock manure in each county and uses spatial analysis to study the distribution and aggregation areas of straw(rice,wheat,maize and rapeseed)and livestock manure(cattle,sheep,pig and poultry)resources in Sichuan Province,which is based on the county scale production of major crops yield and livestock output in Sichuan Province in 2018.The results were obtained that the total amount of collectable straw(rice,wheat,maize and rapeseed)in Sichuan Province in 2018 was 28085.5 thousand tons,with the distribution showing the pattern of“one center,dense in the east and sparse in the west”,and the straw types were mainly maize and rice.In 2018,the total amount of livestock manure in Sichuan Province was 81620.2 thousand tons,with the distribution showing the pattern of“three centers,dense outside and sparse inside”.Pig manure occupies the absolute dominant,accounting for 57.8%.In 2018,the fertilizer application of annual straw production in Sichuan Province could theoretically save 7.4%of nitrogen fertilizer and 5.0%of phosphate fertilizer input in this province,and the total potassium could meet the amount of potash fertilizer.Energy utilization of straw can be converted into 14.2271 million tons of standard coal or 6.22×10^(9)m^(3)biogas.In 2018,the total fertilizer utilization of livestock and poultry manure in Sichuan Province could save 42.6%of nitrogen fertilizer input,and the total phosphorus and total potassium in livestock and poultry manure could meet the consumption of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Sichuan Province.Energy utilization of livestock and poultry manure can be converted into 8.3519 million tons of standard coal or 4.15×10^(9)m^(3)biogas.There were 30,40,and 48 straw hotspot counties in 99%,9

关 键 词：秸秆利用 畜禽粪便利用 种养循环 资源化利用 农业废弃物 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]