WTO规则对中国农业保险保费补贴的约束分析  

Constraint of WTO Rules on Agricultural Insurance Premium Subsidy in China

作　　者：杨雨欣 张璐[1] 李晓峰[1] YANG Yuxin;ZHANG Lu;LI Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经管学院/国家农业农村保险研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《世界农业》2023年第4期36-48,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“农业规模化经营进程中的农作物收入保险需求及应对机制研究”(71473252)。

摘　　要：中国一直将农业保险政策作为免除削减的“绿箱”政策进行通报,然而按WTO规则分类,中国针对小麦、稻谷和玉米这三大主粮实施的完全成本保险和收入保险政策并不完全符合《农业协定》中对“绿箱”政策的规定,可能会被认为是针对特定产品的“黄箱”政策,计入“特定产品综合支持量”,超出许可的支持上限可能会导致国际贸易争端。本文使用2007年以来的历史数据,计算三大主粮的“特定产品综合支持量”微量许可剩余空间,也就是农业保险保费补贴可以利用的政策空间,接着再测算农业保险保费补贴需要占用的政策空间,将两者进行对比,分析农业保险保费补贴是否会导致“特定产品综合支持量”超出支持上限。结果表明,若在全国范围按照当前试点方案推广收入保险和完全成本保险,小麦、稻谷、玉米的“特定产品综合支持量”存在超过微量许可的可能性。其中,小麦和稻谷的“特定产品综合支持量”微量许可剩余空间最低分别为26.62亿元和93.79亿元,玉米的“特定产品综合支持量”微量许可剩余空间在取消临时收储政策后最低为396.27亿元;而在全国实施完全成本保险和收入保险保费补贴,小麦完全成本保险保费补贴的微量许可占用空间为86.66亿~127.01亿元,稻谷完全成本保险保费补贴的微量许可占用空间为168.78亿~236.29亿元,玉米收入保险保费补贴的微量许可占用空间为370.52亿~594.38亿元。China has always reported the agricultural insurance policy as a“green box”policy for exemption from reduction.However,according to the classification of WTO rules,the full cost insurance and income insurance policies implemented by China for wheat,rice and corn are not fully in line with the provisions of the“green box”policy in Agriculture Agreement,but may be considered as a“yellow box”policy for specific products,which should be included in the“Product-Specific Aggregate Measurements of Support”.Exceeding the permitted support limit may lead to international trade disputes.Using the historical data since 2007,this paper calculates the remaining space for the de minimus of the“Product-Specific Aggregate Measurements of Support”of the three major staples,and calculates the premium subsidy level for promoting income insurance and full cost insurance nationwide according to the current pilot program.The results show that if income insurance and full cost insurance are promoted nationwide in accordance with the current pilot program,the“Product-Specific Aggregate Measurements of Support”of wheat,rice and corn may exceed the bound level.Among them,the minimum remaining space of“Product-Specific Aggregate Measurements of Support”for wheat and rice is 2.662 billion yuan and 9.379 billion yuan respectively,and the minimum remaining space of“Product-Specific Aggregate Measurements of Support”for corn is 39.627 billion yuan after the temporary collection and storage policy is canceled.However,the micro-license space of wheat full cost insurance premium subsidies is 8.666 billion yuan to 12.701 billion yuan,the micro-license space of rice full cost insurance premium subsidies is 16.878 billion yuan to 23.629 billion yuan,and the micro-license space of corn income insurance premium subsidies is 37.052 billion yuan to 59.438 billion yuan if the full cost insurance and income insurance premium subsidies are implemented nationwide.

关 键 词：国际贸易争端 “黄箱” 政策性农业保险 保费补贴 

分 类 号：F842.66[经济管理—保险] F812.8F743.1