浅埋秸秆隔层对滨海盐土水盐运移及番茄生长的影响  

Ameliorating Salt Accumulation and Enhancing Tomato Growth by Shallow-burying a Crop Straw Layer in Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：黄达 陈盛[1] 王振昌 陈朱叶[3] 赵虎 郭相平 HUANG Da;CHEN Sheng;WANG Zhenchang;CHEN Zhuye;ZHAO Hu;GUO Xiangping(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Energy and Building Energy Saving,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Zhangjiagang Yangshe Town Agricultural Service Center,Zhangjiagang 215600,China;Zhangjiagang Municipal Water Bureau,Zhangjiagang 215600,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]桂林理工大学广西建筑新能源与节能重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]张家港市杨舍镇农业服务中心,江苏张家港215600 [4]张家港市水务局,江苏张家港215600

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第3期48-56,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079041,52109052);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(B210202118);广西建筑新能源与节能重点实验室开放基金项目(桂科能22-J-21-8)。

摘　　要：【目的】采取浅埋秸秆隔层方式,抑制江苏滨海盐碱土急剧返盐,促进作物生长及增产,实现盐碱土改良、秸秆资源化利用和农业高效生产。【方法】利用番茄盆栽试验,在土表以下17 cm处布设秸秆隔层,设置不同上下层土壤含盐量(1∶1、2∶4、1∶5、3∶3),研究浅埋秸秆隔层对江苏滨海盐碱土水盐运移的影响,探究浅埋秸秆隔层条件下番茄的生长情况及生理响应特征。【结果】①浅埋秸秆隔层显著减少土壤水分消耗5.7%~15.0%;增强上层土壤灌溉淋洗作用,上层土壤含盐量的降幅较无隔层处理高出9.6%~24.5%;抑制下层土壤返盐,下层土壤含盐量的涨幅较无隔层处理低于36.1%~155.0%。②浅埋秸秆隔层处理的上层根系分布数量明显增加,根质量密度分别显著升高了31.7%~40.0%,根长密度大幅升高了20.6%~35.1%,根表面积密度明显升高26.3%~26.6%;下层根系呈更为细长的形态,下层单位质量根系长度显著高出29.9%~38.2%,上下层根系平均直径的差值大幅高出29.2%~48.3%。③浅埋秸秆隔层处理显著增加番茄地上部分干物质积累3.3%~28.8%,提高番茄产量12.1%~80.7%,提升灌溉水利用效率19.1%~62.5%,在高盐环境下的增益效果更佳。【结论】浅埋秸秆隔层可有效调控水盐运移,提升脱盐效果,缓解番茄受到的盐分胁迫,促进番茄生长及产量提升,具有重大应用意义和应用价值。【Objective】Salt accumulation in the proximity of soil surface and poor soil structure are a problem facing agricultural production in coastal regions.The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of using a shallow-buried straw layer to reduce solute ascent to ameliorate salt stresses to crops.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots with tomato used as the model plant.The straw was buried at the depth of 17cm,with the ratio of salt content in the soil overlying and underlying the straw layer being 1∶1,2∶4,1∶5,or 3∶3.In each treatment,we measured the variation in soil water and salt,as well as growth and physiological changes of the tomato.【Result】Compared to the control(without straw layer),the shallow-buried straw layer significantly reduced soil water loss by 5.7%to 15.0%,and salt content in the upper soil layer by 9.6%to 24.5%,depending on the initial soil salt content and distribution;it also increased the number of roots in the upper soil layer and root mass density,root length density and root surface area by 31.7%to 40.0%,20.6%to 35.1%,and 26.3%to 26.6%,respectively.It was found that the straw treatment enhanced dry matter accumulation in the above-ground part by 3.3%to 28.8%,increased tomato yield by 12.1%to 80.7%,and improved irrigation water utilization efficiency by 19.1%to 62.5%,compared to the control.【Conclusion】Our results show that shallow-burying a straw layer at the depth of 17 cm can effectively slow down soil salt migration,alleviate salt stress to the tomato,and promote tomato growth and yield.It has a potential application for other crops grown in salinized coastal soils.

关 键 词：番茄 秸秆隔层 水盐运移 盐分胁迫 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]