晚年恩格斯的时代关切与理论创新——重读《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》  

Engels’s Concern for the Times and His Theoretical Innovation:A Study on Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

作　　者：周嘉昕[1,2] ZHOU Jia-xin(Center for Studies of Marxist Social Theory,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu;Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义中国化‘两个结合’研究”(22ZDA005)。

摘　　要：《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》是恩格斯总结、捍卫、宣传马克思主义的一部代表性著作,也是马克思主义基本原理体系建构的主要依据之一。结合时代发展,回应现实问题,恩格斯在文本的展开中阐述了德国古典哲学的理论价值、庸俗唯物主义的理论缺陷、费尔巴哈唯物主义的不彻底性、唯物史观的理论体系。在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的框架内,恩格斯辨析阐明了唯物主义立场、辩证法的合理形态、自然科学进展、唯物史观等基础问题。文本的叙述和理论的阐释,体现了恩格斯对于1848年革命之后德国社会发展的准确分析,对于德国思想界变化的敏锐把握,对于德国工人运动和科学社会主义实践的科学判断。总体来说,《费尔巴哈论》堪称立足时代、面向大众,推进马克思主义理论阐释创新的光辉典范。今天,重读恩格斯的这部经典著作,不仅有助于完整准确把握马克思主义基本原理,而且为党的创新理论的学术支撑体系建设提供了重要启示。In Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy,Engels elucidates the principle of Marx⁃ism.This book is considered to be the most important text for in constructing the Marxist theoretical system.Adapting to the needs of the times,Engels in this book discusses the importance of German classical philosophy,the falsehood of vulgar materialism,the deficiency of Feuerbach’s materialism and the structure of historical materialism.In his expositions on his materialist viewpoints,as well as on the rational form of dialectics and the progress of nature science,we can find that En⁃gels made an accurate analysis of German social status,philosophy development and socialist movement after 1848.In this sense,Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy provides a classic example of adapting Marxism to the needs of the times,which is instructive in Chinese Marxist Studies today.

关 键 词：恩格斯 唯物主义 辩证法 德国古典哲学 

分 类 号：A11[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]