川东北地区人群抗菌药物不良反应研究分析  

Analysis on adverse reactions of antibacterial drug in people of northeast Sichuan

作　　者：唐志勇 李锐 苏强 杨思芸 张海浪 TANG Zhiyong;LI Rui;SU Qiang;YANG Siyun;ZHANG Hailang(Department of Pharmacy,Nanchong Central Hospital,the Second Affiliated Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College,Sichuan,Nanchong 637000,China;Department of Pharmacy,the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Sichuan,Nanchong 637000,China;Nanchong Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center,Sichuan,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市中心医院,川北医学院第二临床医学院药学部,四川南充637000 [2]川北医学院附属医院药剂科,四川南充637000 [3]四川省南充市药品不良反应监测中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2023年第6期121-125,共5页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：南充市应用技术研究与开发专项项目(20YFZJ0014);南充市哲学社会科学研究规划项目(NC22B123);北京康盟慈善基金会医学科研发展基金项目(B21010CS)。

摘　　要：目的分析川东北地区人群抗菌药物药品不良反应(ADR)发生的规律与特点,探讨其可能原因及影响因素,为促进临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考,确保患者用药安全。方法从ADR监测网络系统及合作单位收集选取川东北地区二级以上公立医疗机构2019年1月至2021年12月上报的2157例抗菌药物ADR报告,并进行回顾性统计分析。结果2019—2021年该地区抗菌药物ADR发生呈现逐年上升趋势。在上报的2157例抗菌药物ADR报告中,报告类型为新的及严重的ADR占比为37.69%;用药后前5天内发生ADR的患者最多,占比87.11%,其中用药后首日发生ADR的患者占比63.33%;女性发生ADR的比例略高于男性(53.55%vs.46.45%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);61~80岁患者的ADR发生率最高,占比37.55%;头孢菌素类的ADR发生位居首位,占比43.56%,其次为喹诺酮类,占比22.63%;注射剂型引发的ADR占比最大,为86.95%;抗菌药物ADR对皮肤及其附件损害最为常见,占比45.43%;发生ADR后大多数患者都能好转或痊愈,占比95.82%。结论近年川东北地区抗菌药物ADR的发生率呈逐年上升趋势,新的及严重ADR发生率较高,超过总数的三分之一。临床应重视抗菌药物ADR监测工作,尤其应对头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类及青霉素类进行重点监测。应对使用抗菌药物患者前5天的临床表现进行重点关注,确保患者用药安全。Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reaction(ADR)of antimicrobial drugs in the population of northeastern Sichuan,to explore the possible causes and influencing factors of antimicrobial ADR,so as to promote clinical rational antibacterial drugs use and make sure the safety of medication.Methods A retrospective statistical analysis was performed on 2157 ADR reports of antibacterial drugs submitted by public medical institutions above the second level in northeastern Sichuan from January 2019 to December 2021,which were collected from the ADR monitoring system network and cooperative units.Results From 2019 to 2021,the incidence of antimicrobial ADRs in this region showed an increasing trend year by year.In the 2157 ADR reports,new and severe ADRs,accounting for 37.69%.Most ADRs occurred in the first 5 days after drug use,accounting for 87.11%,of which 63.33%occurred on the first day after drug use.The proportion of females was slightly higher than that of males(53.55%vs.46.45%),but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).The number of ADR patients over 61-80 years old was the most,accounting for 37.55%.Antimicrobial ADRs caused by cephalosporin was the first,accounting for 43.56%,followed by the ADRs caused by quinolones,accounting for 22.63%.Injection induced ADR accounted for the largest proportion,86.95%of the total.Skin and its accessory damage was the most common in antimicrobial ADRs,accounting for 45.43%.95.82%of the patients were improved and recovered after ADR.Conclusion The incidence of antimicrobial ADRs in northeast Sichuan has been increasing year by year,in recent years,and the incidence of new and severe ADRs is higher than one third of the total.Clinical attention should be paid to the monitor of antimicrobial ADRs,and focus on cephalosporins,quinolones and penicillins.In order the process of antimicrobial drugs administration,we should pay close attention to the clinical symptoms of patients in the first 5 days,to ensure the safety of medication.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 不良反应 回顾性统计分析 合理用药 

分 类 号：R969[医药卫生—药理学]