某三甲医院近三年抗菌药物不良反应研究  

Research of adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs in a class A tertiary hospital in recent three years

作　　者：唐志勇 李锐 苏强 杨思芸 唐捷 TANG Zhiyong;LI Rui;SU Qiang;YANG Siyun;TANG Jie(Department of Pharmacy,Nanchong Central Hospital,the Second Affiliated Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College,Sichuan,Nanchong 637000,China;Department of Pharmacy,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Sichuan,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市中心医院川北医学院第二临床医学院药学部,四川南充637000 [2]川北医学院附属医院药剂科,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2023年第5期125-129,共5页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：南充市应用技术研究与开发专项项目(20YFZJ0014);南充市哲学社会科学研究规划项目(NC22B123);北京康盟慈善基金会医学科研发展基金项目(B21010CS)。

摘　　要：目的 分析某三甲医院近三年抗菌药物不良反应(ADR)的发生规律与特点,探讨其原因及预防措施,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 从该院ADR监测系统中筛选出2019—2021年上报的抗菌药物ADR报告,对其进行回顾性统计分析。结果 在该院近三年上报的216例抗菌药物ADR报告中,报告类型为新的及严重的ADR共有113例,占比52.31%;ADR发生时间多在用药后2~5 d内,占比42.60%;男性发生ADR的比例高于女性(58.80%vs. 41.20%),差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。61~80岁的患者ADR发生率最高,占比36.57%;抗结核药物ADR发生位居首位,占比51.50%,其次为头孢菌素类,占比16.00%;静脉给药引发的ADR比例最高,占比44.25%,口服给药次之,占比43.00%;皮肤及其附件损害在抗菌药物ADR中最为常见,占比36.62%;发生ADR后大多数患者都能好转或痊愈,占比93.06%。结论 临床应对抗结核类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类抗菌药物的ADR进行重点监测。在抗菌药物使用中应加强对高龄患者的用药监护,减少静脉给药,做到能口服则不静脉用药,密切关注患者用药后前5天的临床表现,确保患者的用药安全。Objective To analyze the occurrence regularity and characteristics of adverse reactions(ADRs)of antibacterial drugs in a class A tertiary hospital in recent three years,and investigate their causes and preventive measures,so as to provide reference for rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic.Methods The ADR reports of antibacterial drugs reported from 2019 to 2021 were selected from the ADR monitoring system of the hospital,and the retrospective statistical analysis was made.Results In the 216 ADR reports of antibacterial drugs reported in the hospital in recent three years,there were 113 new and serious ADR type reports,accounting for 52.31%;ADR usually occurred within 2-5 days after drug administration,accounting for 42.60%;The incidence of ADRs in males was 58.80%,higher than 41.20%in females,without statistically significant difference(P>0.05);The incidence of ADRs was the highest in patients aged 61 to 80,accounting for 36.57%;The incidence of ADRs of anti-tuberculosis drugs ranked first,accounting for 51.50%,followed by cephalosporins,accounting for 16.00%;The proportion of ADRs caused by intravenous administration was the highest,accounting for 44.25%,followed by oral administration,accounting for 43.00%;The damage of skin and its accessories was the commonest in ADRs of antibacterial drugs,accounting for 36.62%;After ADRs,Most patients were able to get better or recover,accounting for 93.06%.Conclusion The ADRs of anti-tuberculosis drugs,cephalosporins and quinolones shall be monitored clinically.In the use of antibacterial drugs,it is necessary to strengthen the medication monitoring of elderly patients,reduce intravenous administration,ensure that it is better to orally administrate than to intravenously administrate,and pay close attention to the clinical manifestations of patients in the first 5 days after drug administration,so as to ensure the medication safety of patients.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 不良反应 回顾性统计分析 合理用药 

分 类 号：R978[医药卫生—药品]