老年人抑郁状况及社会支持、ADL能力的横断面研究  

Depression,social support and activities of daily living in the elderly: a cross sectional study

作　　者：赵杰 刘文源 白思敏 ZHAO Jie;LIU Wenyuan;BAI Simin(School of Humanities and Management,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Shaanxi,Xianyang 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学人文管理学院,陕西省咸阳市712046 [2]陕西高校新型智库:“一带一路”中医药健康发展研究中心

出　　处：《河北医药》2023年第5期771-775,780,共6页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(编号:20JT018);国家级大学生创新训练项目(编号:S202110716020)。

摘　　要：目的通过调查陕西省老年人日常生活活动能力、抑郁状况和社会支持状况,分析其特点及影响因素,为预防和干预老年人失能和心理健康、医养结合的政策与实践工作提供一定的依据。方法运用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对陕西省1531名≥55岁城乡老年人进行调查。结果26.2%(401/1531)的老年人日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)下降或障碍,工具性日常生活能力下降是其下降的主要方面,不同居住地、年龄、婚姻状况和文化程度的老年人之间活动能力存在显著差异(P<0.01);17.2%的老年人存在轻度抑郁或重度抑郁症状,不同性别、居住地、年龄和文化程度老年人抑郁状况存在显著差异(P<0.05);社会支持量表得分(37.39±7.52)分,不同居住地、年龄、婚姻状况和文化程度老年人之间活动能力存在显著差异(P<0.01);ADL、抑郁状况和社会支持之间存在相关性(P<0.01)。结论农村、高龄、文化程度低、丧偶特征的老年人是在日常生活活动能力和抑郁状况方面预防与控制的重点人群,社会支持程度提升能有利于改善老年人抑郁状况,同时对维持和改善日常生活活动能力有一定积极作用。Objective To conducte a research analysis for depression,social support and activities of daily living(ADL)in the elderly in Shaanxi Province,provide a basis for preventing disability,intervening mental health,and promoting the combination of medical and health care.Methods A multistage stratified random sample was conducted to have a survey for 1,531 urban and rural elderly aged≥55 in Shaanxi Province.Results The proportion of elderly people with ADL decline or impairment was 26.2%(401/1,531),the disability for instrumental activities of daily living(IADL)was common.The difference was statistically significant in the ADL among the elderly with different residence,age,marital status and educational level(P<0.01),17.2%of the elderly had mild or severe depressive symptoms,significant differences in depression status were found(P<0.05);the social support scale score was(37.39±7.52);a correlation was found between ADL,depression and social support(P<0.01).Conclusion For the elderly in rural areas,those with advanced age,low education level and widowhood are the key groups for ADL and depression prevention,and the improvement of social support will help improve the depression of the elderly.Meanwhile,the improvement of depression will have a certain positive effect on maintaining and improving ADL.

关 键 词：老年人 日常生活活动能力量表 抑郁状况 社会支持 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]