微波吸收材料电磁特性响应规律及影响因素研究进展  

Law of Electromagnetic Response of Microwave Absorbing Materials and the Relevant Influences:a Review

作　　者：黄威 王轩[2] 李永清[1] 王源升[1,2] 王博 王玉江 魏世丞 HUANG Wei;WANG Xuan;LI Yongqing;WANG Yuansheng;WANG Bo;WANG Yujiang;WEI Shicheng(Department of Naval Architecture Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;Department of Basics,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学舰船与海洋学院,武汉430033 [2]海军工程大学基础部,武汉430033 [3]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第7期15-25,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-387-03);国防科技卓越青年科学基金(2017-JCJQ-ZQ-001);国家自然科学基金(51905543)。

摘　　要：微波吸收材料可以防止电磁干扰,保证电磁信息的安全,减轻电磁辐射对人体健康的危害,无论在军用和民用上都具有很高价值。复介电常数和复磁导率是影响材料微波吸收性能的基本参数。有关电磁参数的设计理论已发展较为成熟。通过相关数值方法,根据材料对反射损耗、厚度等的约束要求,可计算得到符合实际条件的电磁参数。然而,数值方法得到的电磁参数可能会偏离实际范畴,不能给具体的材料设计提供有意义的指导。因此,进一步了解材料的内在特性与GHz频段电磁辐射的相互作用规律,对吸波材料制备技术的持续进步至关重要。电磁波吸收的候选材料中,介电损耗材料因具有更强的损耗能力而表现出独特的优势,其高损耗能力来源于电导特性和极化弛豫。其中,设计具有低逾渗阈值的材料结构有利于电导能力的充分利用,引入缺陷/界面将增加极化位点使极化弛豫进一步增强。但过分追求高介电损耗可能会导致复介电常数过高,材料阻抗与空气失配,引入磁性材料可使复磁导率提高,改善阻抗匹配特性。复磁导率的提高可以通过完善材料静磁特性和优化磁共振实现。本文结合通过改善复介电常数/复磁导率来修饰材料吸波性能的相关成果,分别讨论了逾渗网络构建、单/多组分介质极化工程对复介电常数谱以及静磁特性修饰、磁共振优化对复磁导率谱的具体影响。最后,还指出材料内禀属性和电磁参数关联性研究中所面临的挑战。Microwave absorbing materials are hugely important in civil and military fields as they can prevent electromagnetic interference,ensure the safety of electromagnetic information,and reduce the harm of electromagnetic radiation to human health.Complex permittivity and complex permeability are the basic parameters affecting the microwave absorption properties of materials.Depending on the actual constraints on reflection loss and material thickness,the required electromagnetic parameters can be calculated.However,the ideal electromagnetic parameters obtained via numerical methods may deviate from the actual scope and may not provide meaningful guidance for the actual material design.Therefore,it is very important for the continuous progress of the preparation technology of microwave absorbing materials to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the internal characteristics of materials and the GHz-band electromagnetic radiation.Among the candidates suitable for electromagnetic wave absorption,dielectric loss materials exhibit unique advantages as a result of their strongerloss ability compared with that of magnetic loss materials.Furthermore,the high loss ability originates from the conductivity and polarization relaxation.The conductivity can be improved by designing a material structure with a low percolation threshold,and the polarization relaxation can be improved by introducing defects and increasing the interface area.However,a higher dielectric loss may lead to a highly complex permitivity and a mismatch between material impedance and air.The complex permeability and impedance matching characteristics can be improved by introducing magnetic materials.The improvement of the complex permeability can be achieved by improving the magnetostatic properties of materials and optimizing magnetic resonance.In this paper,the effects of the percolation network,polarization relaxation of single/multicomponent media,and magnetostatic modification and magnetic resonance optimization on the complex permeability

关 键 词：微波吸收 介电常数 磁导率 逾渗网络 极化弛豫 饱和磁化强度 矫顽力 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]