相变复合纳米纤维的研究与应用  

Research and Application of Phase Change Composite Nanofibers

作　　者：孙宗旭 张焕芝[1,2] 荆锐 吴博竞 徐芬[1,2] 夏永鹏[1,2] 孙立贤 SUN Zongxu;ZHANG Huanzhi;JING Rui;WU Bojing;XU Fen;XIA Yongpeng;SUN Lixian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学材料科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林电子科技大学广西信息材料重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第7期227-234,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51863005,51462006,51102230,51671062,51871065,51971068);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFDA281051,2014GXNSFAA118401,2020GXNSFGA297004);广西八桂学者基金。

摘　　要：有机相变材料具有储能密度大、相容性好、价格低廉的特点,是一种理想的热能储存材料。而聚合物纳米纤维具有比表面积大、纤维直径可控和柔韧性好等多种优点,在纺织、能源等领域具有广阔的应用前景。因此,通过各种复合技术将有机相变材料与聚合物纳米纤维结合可获得结构稳定的相变复合纳米纤维,其在智能控温服装、医疗、柔性可穿戴器件等领域表现出潜在的应用价值。为了综合利用相变材料和纳米纤维的性能优势,解决有机相变材料在复合纳米纤维中的泄漏问题,本文对比分析了相变材料的封装技术(包括物理混合法、接枝共聚法和纳米约束技术)和复合纳米纤维的制备方法(包括中空纤维填充法、涂层法、复合纺丝法和微胶囊混合纺丝法)。其中,纳米约束技术表现出多样的封装形式和较好的封装效果,复合纺丝法具有较好的纤维可控性,而微胶囊混合纺丝法则具有较高的制备灵活性。为了解决相变复合纳米纤维导热率低的缺陷,研究者大多将导热填料掺杂到纤维基体中,利用高导热率的导热填料在复合材料中形成导热通路来提高整体导热率。另外,结合当下科技前沿信息,对相变复合纳米纤维在柔性可穿戴器件和药物输送控释方面的应用进行进一步介绍,并对其应用领域的扩展进行展望。本文概述了相变复合纳米纤维的特点及制备方法,并提出复合纺丝法在一定程度上可解决相变材料易泄漏的问题;阐明了通过添加高导热填料可改善相变复合纳米纤维导热率低的缺陷的研究进展;重点介绍了相变复合纳米纤维在柔性可穿戴器件和药物的输送控释两个领域的应用;展望了相变复合纳米纤维的研究方向。本综述为新型相变复合纳米纤维的制备与应用提供了参考依据。Organic phase change materials(PCMs)are considered to be ideal thermal energy-storage materials due to their high energy-storage capacity,good compatibility and low cost.And polymer nanofibers display broad prospect for applications in textiles,energy sources and so on,because of their advantages of large specific surface area,regulated diameter and good flexibility.Therefore,organic PCMs and polymer nanofibers are combined to fabricate phase-change composite nanofibers with good structural-stability through various composite technologies.The composite nanofibers show potential applications in smart temperature-controlling clothing,medical care,and flexible wearable devices.In order to comprehensively utilize the advantages of PCMs and nanofibers,and solve the leakage problem of organic PCMs in composite nanofibers,encapsulation technology of PCMs(including physical mixing method,graft co-polymerization method and nano-confinement techno-logy)and preparation methods of composite nanofibers(including hollow fiber filling method,coating method,composite spinning method and microcapsule hybrid spinning method)are compared and analyzed.Among them,the nano-constraint technology shows a variety of encapsulation types and excellent encapsulation effects.The composite spinning method has a good advantage in fiber size controllability,while the microcapsules included spinning method is quite agile for nanofibers preparation.Most researches further introduce thermally conductive fillers into fiber matrix to overcome the low thermal conductivity of phase change composite nanofibers.The fillers form an interconnected thermally conductive path in the composite material to improve the overall thermal conductivity.In addition,the application of phase-change composite nanofibers in flexible wearable devices and drugs’delivery and controlled release is further introduced according with the frontier information of science and technology,and the expansion of its application fields is proposed.In a word,this article summarizes the

关 键 词：相变复合纳米纤维 封装技术 导热增强 智能应用 

分 类 号：TQ342.8[化学工程—化纤工业]