黄河上游拉西瓦水库欧白鲑Coregonus albula个体繁殖力研究  

Individual Fecundity of Vendace Coregonus albula in Laxiwa Reservoir,Upstream Yellow River

作　　者：刘扬 简生龙 王国杰 李柯懋 苗世玉 毛亚琪 朱博 LIU Yang;JIAN Shenglong;WANG Guojie;LI Kemao;MIAO Shiyu;MAO Yaqi;ZHU Bo(Qinghai University,Xining 810012,China;Qinghai Fishery Technology Extension Center,Xining 810012,China;Qinghai Cold-water Ecological Fishery Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810012,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810012 [2]青海省渔业技术推广中心,青海西宁810012 [3]青海省凯特威德生态渔业有限公司,青海西宁810012

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第1期15-21,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：青海省科技厅重大科技专项《高原冷水鱼养殖技术研发与集成示范项目》(2019-NK-A2)。

摘　　要：2012年3月,从芬兰引进欧白鲑(Coregonus albula)发眼卵40万粒,孵出仔鱼培育出平均体质量2.0 g/尾的鱼种放入青海省拉西瓦水库网箱养殖。2018年,网箱养殖欧白鲑平均体质量3 kg以上。实验在2019年2月捕捞41尾雌鱼,11尾雄鱼,研究欧白鲑亲鱼在我国青藏高原东北部的形态特征、个体繁殖力特征及个体繁殖力与生物学指标的相关性。结果显示,欧白鲑个体绝对繁殖力平均为77 600粒,个体体长相对繁殖力平均值1 564 eggs·cm^(-1),体质量相对繁殖力平均25.2 eggs·g^(-1)。雌亲鱼性腺成熟系数在14.8%~52.6%之间,平均为32.4%;肥满度为0.019 g·cm^(-3)~0.032 g·cm^(-3)之间,平均为0.025 g·cm^(-3)。欧白鲑雌性亲鱼卵巢重与体质量、体长和体高呈极显著的正相关性。欧白鲑的个体绝对繁殖力与卵巢重量、体质量、体长和体高呈极显著的相关性。性腺成熟指数、肥满度与体高呈极显著的相关性。欧白鲑亲鱼体高与其个体繁殖力具有很好的相关性,可指示个体繁殖能力。本研究将为欧白鲑在我国高寒水库的人工养殖提供基础资料。In March 2012, 400,000 eyed eggs of vendace Coregonus albula introduced from Finland were incubated, and larvae were cultivated into fingerlings with average body weight of 2.0 g which were reared in cages in Laxiwa Reservoir in Qinghai Province until the vendace had average body weight of more than 3 kg in 2018. The morphological characteristics, individual fecundity characteristics and the correlation between individual fecundity and biological indicators of the broodstock of vendace were measured in 41 female fish and 11 male fish in February 2019 to highlight on the reproductive biological characteristics of vendace in the Laxiwa Reservoir in upper Yellow River in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the first time. Results showed that the vendace had average absolute fecundity of 77,600 eggs per individual, the average relative fecundity of 1,564 eggs·cm^(-1)in body length, and the average relative fecundity of 25.2 eggs·g^(-1)in body weight. The gonado-somatic index ranged from 14.8% to 52.6%, with average value of 32.4% in female broodstock. The condition factor varyed from 0.019 g·cm^(-3)to 0.032 g·cm^(-3), with average value of 0.025 g·cm^(-3). The ovarian weight of female vendace showed very significant positive correlation with body weight, body length and body height. The individual absolute fecundity showed very significant correlation with ovarian weight, body weight, body length and body height. Both the gonado-somatic index and condition factor were found to be significant correlated with body depth which, as significance indicator of individual fecundity, has a good correlation with individual reproductive capacity. The findings will provide knowledge for the artificial breeding of vendace in the alpine rivers and lakes.

关 键 词：欧白鲑(Coregonus albula) 体征 个体繁殖力 黄河上游 

分 类 号：S961.2[农业科学—水产养殖]