沉水植物对罗氏沼虾养殖系统的水质调控效应  

Regulation of water quality using submerged plants in a Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture system

作　　者：缪艳阳 高志宝 李旭光[2] 周军[2] 许志强[2] 徐宇[2] 林海[2] MIAO Yanyang;GAO Zhibao;LI Xuguang;ZHOU Jun;XU Zhiqiang;XU Yu;LIN Hai(Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases,College of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Cultivation for Freshwater Crustacean,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;College of Marine Science and Fisheries,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,江苏省水生甲壳动物病害重点实验室,南京210023 [2]江苏省淡水水产研究所,农业农村部淡水虾蟹遗传育种与养殖重点实验室,南京210017 [3]江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第3期652-661,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022422);江苏省农业自主创新项目(CX(20)3182);江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]125);江苏现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2021]408)。

摘　　要：为研究沉水植物对罗氏沼虾养殖系统的水质调控效应,比较了生态养殖组与传统养殖组的水质、浮游动植物和微生物群落结构特征,解析了浮游动植物、微生物优势种群与水环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:两组养殖水体水质与浮游生物群落结构均存在显著差异。生态养殖组的总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度均低于传统养殖组。传统养殖组浮游植物与浮游动物生物量均高于生态养殖组,两组浮游植物与浮游动物多样性指数存在显著差异。微生物主要包括放线菌门、拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门和变形菌门,其中生态养殖组放线菌门的丰度最高,传统养殖组优势菌为蓝细菌门的微囊藻属、鱼腥藻属以及拟杆菌门的黄杆菌属。冗余分析结果表明TP、COD和溶解氧(DO)是影响水体浮游生物群落组成与分布的关键因子。综上所述,利用沉水植物开展罗氏沼虾养殖水环境的原位净化,可显著消减养殖水体氮、磷营养盐,降低浮游动植物生物量,提高水体微生物群落结构稳定性,改善养殖水环境。To explore the effect of submerged plants on water quality regulation in a Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture system,compare the water quality,phytoplankton,zooplankton,and microbial community structure between the ecological culture group based on in-situ purification through submerged plants and the traditional culture group.The relationship between dominant populations of phytoplankton,zooplankton,microorganisms,and environmental factors affecting water quality was also discussed.The results showed that there were significant differences in water quality and plankton community structure under the two groups.The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),chemical oxygen demand(COD),and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)in the ecological culture group were lower than those in the traditional culture group.The biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the traditional culture group was higher than that in the ecological culture group.The diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton were significantly different between the two groups.Microorganism mainly included Actinobacteria,Bacteroidea,Cyanobacteria,and Proteobacteria.In the ecological culture group,the biomass of Actinobacteria was the highest.The dominant bacteria in the traditional culture group mainly included Microcystis and Anabaena in Cyanobacteria,and Flavobacterium in Bacteroideae.Redundancy analysis showed that TP,COD,and dissolved oxygen(DO)were the key environmental factors influencing the composition and distribution of the plankton community.In-situ purification of the water environment for Macrobrachium rosenbergii by submerged plants could significantly decrease nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in aquaculture,reduce the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton,increase the stability of microbial community structure in the water,and improve the over-all aquaculture water environment.

关 键 词：沉水植物 罗氏沼虾 水环境 原位净化 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖] S966.12[农业科学—水产科学]