促生长抗生素禁用后养猪场多重耐药菌群及耐药特征变化  

Changes in a multidrug-resistant bacterial community and its antibiotic resistance characteristics in pig farms after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters

作　　者：侯金江 孙兴滨[1] 高浩泽 王旭明[2] 郭雅杰 高敏[2] 仇天雷[2] HOU Jinjiang;SUN Xingbin;GAO Haoze;WANG Xuming;GUO Yajie;GAO Min;QIU Tianlei(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Beijing Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]北京市农林科学院北京农业生物技术研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第3期682-691,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(6222013,5222005);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210424);现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队专项(BJJQ-G08)。

摘　　要：由于频繁使用抗生素,养殖动物粪便中多重耐药菌会给周边环境带来生态风险。为了解促生长类抗生素(Antibiotic growth promoters,AGPs)禁用后养猪场来源多重耐药菌群的变化特征,本研究采集AGPs禁用前后猪场粪便样品,开展了多重耐药菌计数、分离培养及鉴定,并利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序对可培养多重耐药菌群进行比对分析,同时利用药敏试验分析了AGPs禁用前后多重耐药菌株的耐药变化特征。结果表明:禁用AGPs后猪场粪便中多重耐药率显著下降。AGPs(主要为土霉素)残留浓度能够显著影响禁用前后的多重耐药菌群分布,同时AGPs禁用也能够显著减少猪粪中的多重耐药菌种类。猪粪中多重耐药菌主要分布在变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,Escherichia在所有样本中均是优势多重耐药菌属,Kurthia、Providencia、Leucobacter、Corynebacterium、Ignatzschineria、Lysinibacillus、Staphylococcus等多重耐药菌属相对丰度在禁用AGPs后有所减少。禁用AGPs能够降低猪粪中多重耐药菌的饲用抗生素的耐药率,如四环素类、氯霉素类、大环内酯类等,但也会升高治疗用抗生素如氨基糖苷类、头孢类、利福平类抗生素的耐药率。Due to the frequent use of antibiotics,multidrug-resistant bacteria in farm manure may pose ecological risks to natural environments.To understand the changes in multidrug-resistant bacterial communities in pig farms after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs),we collected manure samples before and after the AGPs ban took effect,and counted,isolated,and identified the multidrug-resistant bacteria.We analyzed the community structure of multidrug-resistant bacteria by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Multidrug-resistant strains present before and after the AGPs ban were analyzed by drug sensitivity testing.The residual concentration of AGPs(mainly oxytetracycline)significantly affected the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and after the AGPs ban the species abundance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in pig manure significantly decreased.The multidrug-resistant bacteria in pig manure mainly belonged to the four phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes.Escherichia was the dominant multidrug-resistant genus in all samples,and Kurthia,Providencia,Leucobacter,Corynebacterium,Ignatzschineria,Lysinibacillus,Staphylococcus,and other multidrug-resistant genera decreased in relative abundance after the AGPs ban.The AGPs ban reduced rates of resistance to feed antibiotics including tetracyclines,chloramphenicol,and macrolides in multidrug-resistant bacteria in pig manure.However,it also increased their rate of resistance to therapeutic antibiotics including aminoglycosides,cephalosporins,and rifampicin.

关 键 词：抗生素 多重耐药菌 养殖场 动物粪便 

分 类 号：S852.61[农业科学—基础兽医学]