基于示范样地实际倒伏样本的小麦抗倒机制解析  

Analysis of Wheat Lodging Resistance Mechanism Based on Actual Lodging Samples from Different Nutrient Management Fields

作　　者：曹帅 侯朋福 薛利祥[2] 赵素雅 薛利红 杨林章 CAO Shuai;HOU Pengfu;XUE Lixiang;ZHAO Suya;XUE Lihong;YANG Linzhang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第3期343-351,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700803);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(19)1007)。

摘　　要：为解析影响小麦倒伏发生的关键因子与内在机制,基于示范样地,选择不同养分管理下实际倒伏三块样本(1个高倒伏田块和2个低倒伏田块,养分管理方式分别为普通化肥深施、普通化肥撒施和缓控释肥深施),对小麦株型、倒伏节间的形态、组分及维管束数量、根系构型、土壤养分供应等进行比较分析。结果表明,在同等氮肥施用量与相同播种密度下,化肥深施田块(D-CF)的倒伏率高于化肥撒施(M-CF)和缓控释肥深施田块(D-RCU)。茎基部节间是小麦倒伏发生的主要部位,节间越长,倒伏高度越高。高倒伏样本田块(D-CF)的株高显著高于M-CF和D-RCU田块,分别增加15.7%和15.1%,且D-CF田块的穗重与茎鞘叶重比最高。不同田块倒伏节间(茎基部节间)的外径、壁厚均无显著差异,但高倒伏田块D-CF的茎基部节间维管束面积和数量均低于低倒伏田块,较M-CF减少8.7%和9.0%,较D-RCU降低了11.8%和5.9%,且纤维素、半纤维素与木质素的含量显著低于D-RCU田块。D-CF田块的根尖数显著高于两低倒伏田块,且根系总长与表面积显著高于D-RCU田块。D-CF田块的5~10、10~15和15~20 cm土层的速效氮含量均最高。经相关性分析,倒伏率与株高呈显著正相关,与倒伏节间维管束数量及半纤维素、纤维素与木质素的总含量均呈显著负相关。株高分别与根系总根长、根尖数及5~20 cm土壤速效氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关,而维管束数量与5~10 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,纤维素及木质素含量均与5~20 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,半纤维素含量则与10~15 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关。受田间小麦根系构型及中下层土壤速效氮含量影响,株高和茎基部节间维管束数量及三素(半纤维素、纤维素、木质素)含量是小麦倒伏风险的主要影响因子。In order to analyze the key factors and internal mechanism affecting the occurrence of wheat lodging,based on the demonstration plot,the actual lodging field samples under different nutrient managements were selected to compare and analyze the wheat plant type,the morphology of lodging internodes,components,the number of vascular bundles,root architecture and soil nutrient supply.The results showed that under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the same sowing density,the lodging rate of deep application of chemical fertilizer(D-CF)was higher than that manual application of chemical fertilizer(M-CF)and controlled-release fertilizer(D-RCU).The basal internodes were the main lodging internode,and the lodging height increased with internode length.In comparison with the low lodging field(M-CF and D-RCU),the plant height of the high-lodging field(D-CF)was significantly increased by 15.7%and 15.1%,respectively,and the ratio of spike weight to the total weight of stem,sheath and leaf was highest in the D-CF field.There was no significant difference in the outer diameter and wall thickness of lodging internodes in different fields,but the area and number of internode vascular bundles of D-CF in high lodging field were lower than that of the other two low-lodging fields,reduced by 8.7%and 9.0%(compared with M-CF),11.8%and 5.9%(compared with D-RCU),respectively.The contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were significantly lower than those of control D-RCU.The number of root tips in D-CF field was significantly higher than those in the other two low-lodging fields,and the total length and surface area of roots were significantly higher than those in D-RCU field.The available nitrogen content in the soil layers 5-10 cm,10-15 cm and 15-20 cm in D-CF field was the highest.The correlation analysis showed that the lodging rate was significantly positively correlated with plant height,but negatively correlated with the number of internode vascular bundles and content of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin in the in

关 键 词：小麦 倒伏 株型 维管组织 养分供应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311