中国三北防护林工程第二阶段生态效益综合评价  

Monitoring and Assessment of Ecological Benefits of the Shelter Forest Program in the Three-North Region during 2001-2020

作　　者：纪平[1,4,5] 邵全琴 王敏[3] 刘华 王晓慧[1,4] 凌成星 侯瑞霞[1,4,5] Ji Ping;Shao Quanqin;Wang Min;Liu Hua;Wang Xiaohui;Ling Chengxing;Hou Ruixia(Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques,CAF,Beijing 100091;Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101;Beijing Vison World Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100020;Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091;National Forestry and Grassland Science Data Center,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]北京维盛沃德科技有限公司,北京100020 [4]国家林业和草原局林业遥感与信息技术重点实验室,北京100091 [5]国家林业和草原科学数据中心,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第11期31-48,共18页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0506502)。

摘　　要：【目的】三北防护林工程第二阶段(2001—2020年)实施以来取得了巨大的生态效益,但局部地区仍然存在问题,甚至出现生态退化。以生态系统结构、质量、服务为核心,综合定量评价工程实施前后生态系统变化,厘清第四期(2001—2010年)和第五期(2011—2020年)工程对生态系统恢复的影响,为后续三北工程的滚动实施提供科学和有针对性的理论依据。【方法】基于“历史动态本底—恢复现状—恢复指数”的生态工程生态效益综合评估方法,以遥感解译反演和模型估算结果为基础,构建生态系统宏观结构变化指数(EMSCI)、质量变化指数(EQCI)、服务功能变化指数(ESCI)和生态系统恢复指数(ERI),全面评估三北防护林工程区生态系统类型结构、质量和关键服务功能的时空格局变化。利用空间叠加分析功能,厘清工程实施期间的生态系统变化过程,定量评价生态系统恢复程度。【结果】1)在三北防护林工程第二阶段,生态系统类型显著变动,整体动态度为12.22%,森林覆盖率持续增加,森林面积占比10.18%,且第四期增量(1.60万km^(2))大于第五期增量(0.69万km^(2))。2)生态系统质量显著改善,平均植被覆盖度和平均植被净初级生产力分别增加了3.77%和82.33 gC·m^(-2) a^(-1),增长率为24.50%和34.96%。生态系统质量持续转好面积占比20.15%。3)与本底期相比,生态系统服务功能全面提升,单位面积水源涵养量增长1.25万m^(3)·km^(-2),单位面积植被固碳量增长134.19 gC·m^(-2) a^(-1),单位面积土壤保持量增长6.76 t·hm^(-2) a^(-1),单位面积防风固沙量增长9.81 t·hm^(-2) a^(-1),分别提升了45.89%、34.96%、74.29%和24.96%。单位面积水蚀模数增加23.88%(因为近年来年均降水量比前期增加,造成侵蚀量和保持量均有所增加),风蚀模数下降25.58 t·hm^(-2) a^(-1),风沙侵蚀危害程度降低46.49%。生态系统服务功能持续转好面积占比15.83%。4)生态【Objective】Since the implementation of the second phase(2001-2020)Shelter Forest Program in the Three-North Region,huge ecological benefits have been achieved,but there are still problems in some areas,and even ecological degradation has occurred.Focusing on the structure,quality and service of the ecosystem,comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the changes in the ecosystem, and clarify the impacts of the implementation of the fourth and fifth periods of the program on the restoration of the ecosystem, intend to provide a scientific and pertinent theoretical basis for the rolling implementation of the program. 【 Method】 This paper is based on the comprehensive evaluation method of “historical dynamic background-restoration status-restoration index” to construct the ecosystem macro-structure change index ( EMSCI), ecosystem quality change index ( EQCI), ecosystem service function change index ( ESCI), and ecosystem restoration index (ERI) for a comprehensive evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes in structure, quality and key service functions of the ecosystem in the Three-North Program region. The spatial overlay analysis function was used to clarify the process of ecosystem changes and quantitatively evaluate the extent of ecosystem restoration. 【Result】 1) In the second phase of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, ecosystem type has changed significantly with an overall dynamic degree of 12. 22% and the forest coverage continued to increase with an area accounting for 10. 18%. Moreover, the forest coverage increase in the fourth period ( 16 000 km^(2) ) was greater than that in the fifth period (6 900 km^(2) ). 2) The quality of the ecosystem has been significantly improved. The vegetation coverage and vegetation net primary productivity have increased by 0. 038 and 82. 33 gC·m^(-2) a^(-1) ,with a growth rate of 24. 50% and 34. 96%, respectively. Moreover, 20. 15% of the area continues to improve. 3) Compared to historical background, the service function of the ecosystem has

关 键 词：三北防护林工程区 生态效益评估 生态系统 监测与评估 

分 类 号：S757.3[农业科学—森林经理学]