不同海拔世界优秀速度滑冰1500m运动员速度节奏研究  

Study on Rhythm of Speed of World Elite 1500m Speed Skaters at Different Altitudes

作　　者：李军 邹吉玲 Li Jun;Zou Jiling(School of Physical Education,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学体育学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第3期1-5,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(体育类)(项目编号:18BTY032);2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(体育类)(项目编号:21YJC890053)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同海拔世界优秀速度滑冰1500m运动员的速度节奏,为世界优秀运动员备战不同海拔比赛提供参考。方法:以参加北京冬奥会和2021-2022赛季速度滑冰世界杯第三站的速度滑冰1500m比赛男、女运动员为研究对象。根据海拔高度将男、女运动员分别分为平原组和高原组,分析不同海拔运动员速度节奏特征。结果:男女运动员的高原比赛成绩、分段成绩、分段速度均好于平原,0~300m和300~700m的分段系数低于平原,700~1100m和1100~1500m的分段系数高于平原。男子平原、男子高原,女子平原各分段成绩与比赛成绩显著相关,700~1100m相关度最大。女子高原300~700m相关度最大,700~1100m不相关。男、女运动员的平原与高原的回归方程差值分别为Δy_(男)=y_(平)-y_(高)=-1.254+0.001x_(1)+0.016x_(2)+0.009x_(3)+0.013x_(4),Δy_(女)=y_(平)-y_(高)=4.817+0.0169x_(1)-1.071x_(2)+1.364x_(3)-0.62x_(4)。结论:男子平原、女子平原速度节奏为“传统型抛物线节奏”,男子高原、女子高原为“新型抛物线节奏”,建议教练员根据不同海拔高度制定针对性的速度节奏方案,进行专门性训练,以取得优异成绩。OBJECTTVE:To explore the rhythm of speed of world elite 1500m speed skaters at dfferent alitudes,and to provide reference for world elite athletes preparing for ompetitions at different alitudes.METHODS:Male and female 1500m speed skaters at Beijng Winter Olympics and the third leg of World Cup Speed Skating in 2021/22 season were selected as research subjects.They were divided into plain group and plateau group according to alitude,and the characteristics of rhythm of speed of athletes at dfferent alitudes were analyzed.RESULTS:The performance,section performance and section speed of male and female speed skaters on plateaus were better than those on plains.The cofficients of0~300m and 300~700m were lower than those of plain,and the coffcients of 700~1100m and 1100~1500m were higher than those of plain.The results of each section in men's plain,men's plateau and women's plain are sigmificantly correlated with the results of the competition,with the greatest orrelation between 700 and 100m.The correlation between 300~700m plateau and 700~1100m plateau in women is the highest.The difference of regression equation between plain and plateau of mle and female athletes is △ymale=yplain-yplateau=-1.254+0.001x_(1)+0.016x_(2)+0.009x_(3)+0.013x_(4),△yfemale=yplain-yplateau=4.817+0.0169x_(1)-1.071x_(2)+1.364x_(3)-0.62x_(4).CONCLUSION:The rhythm of speed of men's plain and women's plain is "a traditional parabolic trajectory",while that of men's plateau and women's plateau is"a new parabolic trajectory"。It is suggested that coaches make specific trhythm of speed plan according to diferent altitude and carry out specialized training in order to achieve excellent results.

关 键 词：速度滑冰 海拔 平原 高原 速度节奏 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]