北京射击队运动员的伤病调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Athletes’Injuries in Beijing Shooting Team

作　　者：王梓涛 韩炜[1] 甄志平[2] 阮文军 Wang Zitao;Han Wei;Zhen Zhiping;Ruan Wenjun

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院,山东济南250000 [2]北京师范大学,北京100000 [3]北京射击运动技术学校,北京101400

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第3期37-40,56,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：研究目的:通过调查北京射击队82名射击运动员的伤病情况,总结分析主要伤病部位、组织类型、病程、程度及诱因,掌握伤病特征规律,提出切实可行的预防策略。研究方法:采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法进行伤病现状调查研究,结合项目特点和实际情况进行分析。研究结果:①82名射击运动员中有57名患有运动损伤,占比69.5%,总损伤人次为123次。②不同射击项目损伤率分别是:手枪项目为73.1%,飞碟项目为68.4%,步枪项目为66.7%。③不同性别射击运动员损伤发生率为:女性占比75.7%、男性占比64.4%。④射击运动员损伤分布在12个部位,分别是:颈部(29.3%)、腰部(18.7%)、肩背部(17.9%)、膝部(17.1%)、腕部(6.5%)、踝部(4.9%)、手部(1.6%),以及髋部、上臂部、腿部、肘部、足部(均为0.8%)。⑤损伤组织与类型有22种,包括肌肉劳损(47.2%)、神经卡压(10.6%)、关节劳损(8.9%)、韧带劳损(8.1%)等。⑥损伤病程:慢性损伤占比90.2%,急性损伤占比9.8%。⑥损伤程度:轻伤占比82.9%,中度损伤占比16.3%,重伤占比0.8%。⑧损伤诱因:由专项训练引起占比83.7%,由课余体育活动引起占比7.3%,由日常活动、遗传因素等其他因素引起占比9.0%。结论:①射击运动员损伤情况较为普遍。②不同射击项目损伤率不同,手枪项目损伤率最高,其次为飞碟项目,最后为步枪项目。③不同性别射击运动员损伤率不同,女性射击运动员损伤率高于男性射击运动员。④射击运动员主要损伤部位集中在颈部、腰部、肩背部、膝部、腕部、踝部等处。⑤最常见的损伤组织为肌肉组织,最常见的损伤类型为劳损。肌肉劳损是射击运动员的主要损伤病种。⑥损伤病程特点为:慢性损伤占比远高于急性损伤。⑦损伤程度特点为:轻伤占比最高,其次为中度损伤,重伤占比最少。⑧损伤诱因特点为:由专项训练引起的损伤占比�Reserch objective:To investigate the injuries of 82 shooters in Bejing shooting team,ummrire and analyze the main injury sites,types of organization,course of discase,degree and inducements,master the characteristics of injuries,and put forward feasible prevention strategies.Research methods:The methods o lterature,questionnaire,interview and mathematical statistics were lused to investigate the injuries,and the characteristics of the project and the actual situation were analyzed.Results:(1)57 of the 82 shooters suffered from sports injuries,accounting for 69.5%。The total number of injuries was 123,2.2 per capita.(2)The injury rates of diferent shooting events were respectively pistol events(73.1%),UFO events(68.4%),rile events(66.7%);(3)The injury rates of shooting athletes of dfferent genders were 75.7%female and 64.4%male;(4)The injuries of shooting athletes were distributed in 12 parts,inceluding neck 29.3%,waist 18.7%,shoulder and back 17.9%,knee 17.1%,wrist 6.5%,ankle 4.9%,hand 1.6%,hip,pper am,leg,elbow and foot 0.8%.(5)There were 22 tpes of injury tssues,including muscle strain(47.2%),nerve entrapment(10.6%),joint strain(8.9%),ligament strain(8.1%),ete.(6)Injury course:chronic injury acounted for 90.2%,acute injury accounted for9.8%;(7)Injury degree:light injury accounted for 82.9%,moderate injury accounted for 16.3%,serious injury accounted for 0.8%;(8)Injury inducements:83.7%were caused by special training,7.3%by after-school sports actities,and 9.0%by daily activities,genetic factors and other factors.Conclusion:(1)The injury of sbooting athletes is common.(2)The injury rate of diferent shooting events is difrent.Pistol event has the highest injury rate,ollowed by UFO event and rile event.(3)The injury rate of female shooters is higher than that of male sbooters.(4)The main injury sites of shooters are concentrated in the neck,waist,shoulder and back,knee,wrist,ankle and so on.(5)The most common injury tissue was muscle tsse,and the most common injury type was strain.Muscle strain is the main injury

关 键 词：射击运动员 伤病 运动损伤 损伤特点 预防策略 

分 类 号：G871[文化科学—体育训练]