中国竞技体能训练基本问题反思与对策研究  

Reflection on theBasic Problems and Countermeasures of Competitive Physical Fitness Training in China

作　　者：孙有平[1] 孙民康 SUN Youping;SUN Minkang(College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2023年第2期135-142,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：上海市体育科技"备战攻关计划"项目"重点铅球运动员的体能、技术、心理诊断及监控体系研究"(20J023)。

摘　　要：为应对竞技体育职业化、赛事密集化等挑战,功能性训练被引入到竞技体育,为我国竞技体能训练注入了新内容,不可避免地也带来一些新问题,引发学界和社会对强化基础体能的合理性和基础体能测试科学性的争论。上述争论实质是功能性训练的本质属性以及基础体能训练、专项体能训练与功能性训练三者的关系问题。厘清上述体能训练相关问题并探索应对策略,对于实现我国竞技体能训练的科学化和系统化发展具有积极意义。研究认为:(1)功能性训练的本质属性是体能训练,是竞技体能训练内容体系的组成部分,其训练效应主要是矫正运动员不良体态,预防运动损伤,提升动作表现,功能性训练与专项体能训练相辅相成,共同促进竞技体能水平提高。(2)专项体能训练与基础体能训练内在关联不大,训练效益难以从基础体能训练中有效迁移。(3)为了适应现代竞技体能训练新形势发展的需要,应科学规划竞技体能训练,合理定位各类体能训练,精准提升其训练效果;明确主教练与体能教练分工,强化两者之间协同联动与合作;促进竞技体能训练数字化转型,着力实现智能化升级。In order to cope with the challenges of professionalization of competitive sports,intensification of events and normalization of athletes'injuries,functional training has been introduced into competitive sports,which has injected new content into China's competitive physical fitness training and also brought some new problems.Recently,"vigorously supplementing"the shortcomings of basic physical fitness has caused some well-known athletes to loose their qualification for the finals due to their basic physical fitness failing to meet the standard,which has triggered a debate in the academic and social circles on the rationality of strengthening basic physical fitness and the scientificity of basic physical fitness test.The essence of the above argument is the essential attribute of functional training and the relationship among basic physical training,special physical training and functional training.It is of positive significance for the scientific and systematic development of competitive physical training in China to clarify the above-mentioned physical training related problems and explore coping strategies.The research shows that:(1)the essential attribute of functional training is physical fitness training,which is an integral part of the content system of competitive physical fitness training.Its training effect is mainly to correct athletes'bad posture,prevent sports injuries,and improve movement performance.Functional training and special physical fitness training are mutually inherited to jointly promote the improvement of competitive physical fitness.(2)Special physical fitness training has little internal relationship with basic physical fitness training,and the training benefits are difficult to be effectively transferred from basic physical fitness training.(3)In order to meet the needs of the development of the new situation of modern competitive physical fitness training,we should scientifically plan competitive physical fitness training and dialectically treat"vigorously supplement the shortcomings

关 键 词：竞技体能训练 基础体能 专项体能 功能性训练 运动训练 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]