灌溉对小麦分蘖发生和不同茎蘖光合同化物生产分配及成穗的影响  

Effects of irrigation on tiller occurrence,photo-assimilates production and distribution in different stem and tillers and spike formation in wheat

作　　者：冯连杰 于振文[1] 张永丽 石玉 FENG Lian-Jie;YU Zhen-Wen;ZHANG Yong-Li;SHI Yu(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第6期1653-1667,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：泰山学者工程专项,财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-19);国家自然科学基金项目(31771717)资助

摘　　要：依据土壤墒情适量灌溉可增加小麦穗数,实现节水高产,但该灌溉条件下分蘖发生和成穗的生理机制尚不明确。本试验于2019-2020和2020-2021两个小麦生长季,以中穗型品种济麦22和大穗型品种山农23为试验材料,设置全生育期不灌溉、节水灌溉和充分灌溉3个处理,研究了不同穗型小麦分蘖发生和成穗规律。结果表明, 2个品种节水灌溉处理的分蘖节面积和反式玉米素含量、越冬期和返青期主茎最上部展开叶光合参数均高于不灌溉处理,促进了Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IP、Ⅳ和其余蘖发生,济麦22和山农23单株总茎蘖数比不灌溉处理越冬期两年度平均增加1.01个和0.75个,拔节期分别增加0.71个和0.56个。节水灌溉处理下2个品种拔节期各茎蘖最上部展开叶光合参数、干物质重和13C同化物分配量均高于不灌溉处理,促进了分蘖成穗,济麦22和山农23的单株成穗数比不灌溉处理两年度平均增加0.36和0.41个,籽粒产量增加35.00%和44.27%,水分利用效率增加9.23%和8.55%。增加灌水至充分灌溉处理, 2个品种越冬期和拔节期单株总茎蘖数较节水灌溉处理增加,但单株成穗数、公顷穗数和籽粒产量无显著变化,水分利用效率降低。品种间比较,各灌溉处理下济麦22的单株总茎蘖数和单株成穗数均高于山农23,亦归因于济麦22较高的分蘖节面积和反式玉米素含量、各茎蘖较高的光合能力。相关性分析表明, 2个品种单株总茎蘖数、单株成穗数、公顷穗数和籽粒产量与分蘖节总面积和反式玉米素含量、主茎最上部展开叶净光合速率呈正相关,与生长素和脱落酸含量呈负相关。说明节水灌溉通过适当增加分蘖节面积和激素含量、提高各茎蘖光合同化物生产和分配能力,促进了分蘖发生和成穗,获得较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率。Moderate irrigation based on soil moisture content could increase spike number of wheat,and realize water-saving and high-yielding cultivation,but the physiological mechanism of tiller occurrence and spike formation under this condition is still unclear.A field experiment was conducted in wheat growth seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,in which the medium-spike wheat Jimai 22 and large-spike wheat Shannong 23 were used as the experimental materials.Three treatments were designed in this field experiment,including no irrigation during the whole growth period,water-saving irrigation,and sufficient irrigation.The characteristics of tiller occurrence and spike formation of wheat were studied.The results showed that the tiller node area and trans zeatin content,the photosynthetic parameters of the uppermost unfloding leaves in main stem at wintering and turn-green stage of two wheat cultivars under water-saving irrigation treatment were higher than no irrigation treatment.Under water-saving irrigation,the stem number of tillers II,III,IP,IV,and others in two spike-type wheat cultivars were increased,the total stem number per plant of Jimai 22 and Shannong 23 under W70 were 1.01 and 0.75 higher at wintering stage and 0.71 and 0.56 higher at jointing stage.The photosynthetic parameter of the uppermost unfolding leaves at jointing stage,dry matter weight and distribution amount of 13C assimilates of main stem and tillers in different positions increased significantly,the total spike number per plant of Jimai 22 and Shannong 23 were 0.36 and 0.41 higher than no irrigation in two years.The grain yield of Jimai 22 and Shannong 23 under water-saving irrigation treatment increased by 35.00%and 44.27%,and water use efficiency increased by 9.23%and 8.55%than no irrigation,respectively.Further increasing the amount of irrigation to sufficient irrigation treatment could increase the total stem number per plant at wintering and jointing stage,but there was no significant difference with water-saving irrigation in the total formati

关 键 词：灌溉 不同穗型小麦 分蘖发生 同化物生产分配 成穗 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]