磷肥用量对油菜籽产量及品质的影响  

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer rate on rapeseed yield and quality(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：闫金垚 宋毅 陆志峰[1] 任涛[1] 鲁剑巍[1] YAN Jin-Yao;SONG Yi;LU Zhi-Feng;REN Tao;LU Jian-Wei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第6期1668-1677,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600500);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021ZH001)资助

摘　　要：油菜是重要的油料作物,对缺磷敏感,我国油菜主产区土壤供磷状况较差,缺磷常导致油菜籽减产。于2019—2021年度2季在长江中游地区进行磷肥用量田间试验,设置0、45、90、135和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)5个施磷水平,探究磷营养供应状况同时对油菜籽产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施磷显著增加油菜单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重,进而增加了油菜产量。不施磷处理的平均产量仅190 kg hm^(-2),施磷增产8.5~12.5倍,根据产量效应得到的最高产量施磷量为51.8~65.0 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)。油菜籽磷含量、含水率、含油率、蛋白质、硫甙、油酸、亚麻酸和硬脂酸对磷肥用量的响应均达到极显著水平,芥酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸的响应较小。随着施磷量的增加,油菜籽含油率呈先增后降的趋势(施磷90 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)和135 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)最高),蛋白质含量呈缓慢升高趋势,硫甙含量显著降低。在磷肥投入量为90~135 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)时获得最大油分产量和蛋白质产量。过量的磷肥施用会降低油菜籽的油酸含量,提高了亚麻酸含量。通径分析表明,籽粒磷含量、含油率和亚麻酸含量对产量有较大的直接正作用,含水率、蛋白质和亚麻酸通过籽粒磷含量对产量有较大的间接正作用,硫甙、油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸通过籽粒磷含量对产量有较大的间接负作用。综合结果显示,以油菜籽产量和食用油品质为目标的推荐磷肥用量为45~90 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2),以追求饲用饼粕蛋白质产量为目标,推荐磷肥用量为90~135 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)。Rapeseed is an important oil crop and is sensitive to phosphorus deficiency.The soil phosphorus supply in the main rapeseed producing areas in China is poor,and phosphorus deficiency often leads to yield reduction of seed.To investigate the effects of phosphorus nutrient supply status on rapeseed yield and quality at the same time,a phosphorus fertilizer rate field experiment was conducted in two seasons of 2019-2021 in the middle reaches of Yangtze River with five treatments of 0,45,90,135,and 180 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2).The results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased the number of pods per plant,seed number,and 1000-seed weight,and thus increasing rapeseed yield.The average yield without phosphorus treatment was only 190 kg hm^(-2),and phosphorus application increased the yield by 8.5-12.5 times,and the maximum yields obtained according to yield effects corresponded to phosphorus applications of 51.8-65.0 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2).The response of rapeseed phosphorus content,water content,oil content,protein,glucosinolate,oleic acid,linolenic acid,and stearic acid to phosphorus fertilizer rate reached highly significant levels,while erucic acid,linoleic acid,and palmitic acid showed less response.The oil content of rapeseed tended to increase and then decrease with increasing phosphorus application(highest at 90 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)and 135 kg P_(2)O_(5)hm^(-2)),protein content tended to increase slowly,and glucosinolate content decreased significantly.Excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer decreased the oleic acid content and increased the linolenic acid content of rapeseed.Path analysis showed that seed phosphorus content,oil content,and linolenic acid content had a greater direct positive effect on yield,water content,protein and linolenic acid had a greater indirect positive effect on yield through seed phosphorus content,and glucosinolate,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and stearic acid had a greater indirect negative effect on yield through seed phosphorus content.The combined results showed

关 键 词：磷肥用量 油菜 产量 品质 产油量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]