基于产卵场生境变化的四大家鱼生态补偿模型研究  

Study on ecological compensation model of four major Chinese carps based on habitat change of spawning grounds

作　　者：曹艳敏 蒋岑 吴丽君[1] CAO Yanmin;JIANG Chen;WU Lijun(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan City University,Yiyang,Hunan 413000,China;School of Hydraulic Engineering,Hunan Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Power,Changsha,Hunan 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院土木工程学院,湖南益阳413000 [2]湖南水利水电职业技术学院水利工程学院,长沙410007

出　　处：《湖南城市学院学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期54-60,共7页Journal of Hunan City University:Natural Science

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ40026);湖南省教育厅科研项目(21C0651);益阳市哲学社会科学项目(2022YS011)。

摘　　要：产卵场的生境条件是影响四大家鱼产卵、鱼卵孵化和鱼苗存活的关键因素.由产卵场生境变化导致的产卵场萎缩、鱼类资源锐减的生态补偿研究相对缺乏,因此本文以湘江干流常宁张河铺至衡阳云集河段的四大家鱼产卵场为研究区域,从影响家鱼产卵、鱼苗孵化及存活所需的水力、水环境、水温等生境条件入手,以湘江干流四大家鱼产卵期(4~7月)各项数据为基础,利用RVA法(变动范围法)计算刺激家鱼产卵关键水力条件(月均流速、极值流速出现时间、高低流速频率和历时)的改变度,采用均值综合污染指数法计算水环境改变度,并以1990年水温为基准计算月均水温改变度;将所得各指标改变度值作为输入因子,以鱼苗(卵)减少量作为输出因子,利用BP神经网络建立基于产卵场生境变化影响下的四大家鱼生态补偿模型,并对生态补偿过程中的主客体进行了初步探究.研究表明,因生境变化而影响家鱼产卵量的生态补偿量系数为0.9411,需补偿的鱼苗(卵)产量为13.72亿颗(尾).The habitat conditions of the spawning ground are the key factors affecting the spawning,hatching and fry survival of the four Chinese carps.There is a relative lack of research on ecological compensation for the shrinking of spawning grounds and the sharp decline of fish resources caused by the habitat changes of spawning grounds.This paper takes the four Chinese carps spawning grounds from Changning Zhanghepu to Hengyang Yunji as the study area,starting with the habitat conditions affecting Chinese carps spawning,fry hatching and survival,such as hydraulic,water environment,water temperature and so on,based on the data of the spawning period(April to July)of the four Chinese carps in the main stream of the Xiangjiang River.The RVA method(range of variation method)was used to calculate the variation degree of the key hydraulic conditions(monthly mean flow velocity,occurrence time of extreme velocity,frequency of high and low velocity and duration)to stimulate domestic fish spawning,and the mean comprehensive pollution index method was used to calculate the change degree of water environment,and the change degree of monthly water temperature was calculated on the basis of water temperature in 1990.Taking the change degree of the above indexes as the input factor and the reduction of fry(eggs)as the output factor,the BP neural network was used to establish the ecological compensation model of four Chinese carps under the influence of the habitat change of spawning grounds,and the subject and object in the process of ecological compensation of four domestic fish under the habitat change of spawning ground were preliminarily studied.The results showed that the ecological compensation coefficient affecting the fecundity of four major Chinese carps due to habitat change was 0.9411,and the yield of fry(eggs)to be compensated was 1.372 billion(tail).

关 键 词：家鱼产卵场 生境 BP神经网络 RVA法 生态补偿 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]