黑杨派无性系多性状遗传变异分析及选择  

Analysis and Selection of Multi-trait Genetic Variation in Aigeiros Clones

作　　者：许兴华 黄启伦 孟宪伟 李霞 许兴成 乔艳辉[4] 董玉峰[4] 李善文[4] XU Xing-hua;HUANG Qi-lun;MENG Xian-wei;LI Xia;XU Xing-cheng;QIAO Yan-hui;DONG Yu-feng;LI Shan-wen(Forestry Protection and Development Center of Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Gaoqiao State-Owned Forest Farm of Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Agricultural Technology Station of Ciyao Town,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement in Forest Trees of Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]宁阳县林业保护发展中心,山东宁阳271400 [2]宁阳县国有高桥林场,山东宁阳271400 [3]宁阳县磁窑镇农技站,山东宁阳271400 [4]山东省林业科学研究院山东省林木遗传改良重点实验室,山东济南250014

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2023年第2期100-106,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2201205);山东省重点研发计划项目(2021SFGC0205);科技部星火计划项目(2010GH740108)。

摘　　要：从国内外引进黑杨派29个无性系,进行造林试验,测定各个无性系第3年至第6年的胸径、树高及第7年的胸径、树高、材积、冠幅、胸高形数、胸高形率、树干圆满度、枝下高、冠表面积、分枝粗度和分枝角度等19个性状,各个性状在无性系间存在不同程度的变异。方差分析表明,除胸高形数和分枝角度外,其他17个性状在无性系间的差异均达显著或极显著水平。各性状遗传变异系数为3.46%~44.97%,材积的遗传变异系数最大,达44.97%;树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、圆满度和冠表面积的广义遗传力在0.6154~0.9377,属于高遗传力,表明这些性状受强遗传控制,受环境影响较弱;胸高形数、分枝粗度、形率和枝下高的遗传力在0.3492~0.4634,属于中等遗传力。遗传相关分析表明,各性状间的相关系数多为正相关,胸径、树高、材积和冠幅两两性状间的遗传相关均达极显著水平,这4个性状分别与枝下高、冠表面积、分枝粗度、分枝角度的遗传相关也均达极显著水平。应用7年生试验林的9个性状进行主成分分析,根据第1主成分值对无性系进行排序,排在前2位的无性系是分别为21和卡帕茨。对无性系单株材积进行多重比较,结果显示无性系21和卡帕茨也排在前2位,与对照L35杨的差异达到显著水平。这2个无性系具有速生、胸高形率较大、树干圆满、枝下高较高和冠表面积大等优良特性。Twenty-nine clones of Aigeiros were introduced from domestic and abroad to carry out afforestation experiments.Nineteen traits of each clone were determined,including DBH,tree height,volume,crown width,breast-height form factor,breast-height form quotient,completeness of trunk,underbranch height,crown surface area,branch diameter,and branch angle.There were varying degrees of variation in each character among clones.The variance analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in the other 17 traits among clones except breast-height form factor and branching angle.The genetic variation coefficient of each character ranged from 3.46%to 44.97%,and the genetic variation coefficient of volume was the highest(44.97%).The broad-sense heritability of tree height,DBH,volume,crown width,completeness and crown surface area ranged from 0.6154 to 0.9377,belonging to high heritability,indicating that these traits were strongly controlled by heredity and less affected by environment.The heritability of breast-height form factor,branch diameter,breast-height form quotient and underbranch height ranged from 0.3492 to 0.4634,belonging to medium heritability.Genetic correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients among the traits were mostly positive,and the genetic correlations between DBH,tree height,volume and crown width were extremely significant.The genetic correlations between the four traits and branch height,crown surface area,branch diameter and branch angle were also extremely significant.Principal component analysis was carried out on 9 traits of the 7-year-old experimental forest.The clones were ranked according to the first principal component value.The top 2 clones were clone No.21 and Carppaccio,respectively.Multiple comparisons of the individual volume of clones showed that clone No.21 and Carppaccio also ranked the first and second places,which were significantly different from the control L35.These two clones had excellent characteristics of rapid growth,high breast-

关 键 词：黑杨派 无性系 遗传变异 选择 

分 类 号：S722.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]