秦岭太白山巴山冷杉天然林群落物种多样性  

Species Diversity of Abies fargesii Natural Forest Community in Mt.Taibai of Qinling

作　　者：杨志汝 张建鹏 YANG Zhi-ru;ZHANG Jian-peng(Northwest surveying,planning and designing institute of national forestry and grassland administration,Xi'an 710048,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions,Xi'an 710048,Shaanxi,China;Forestry Bureau of Taibai County,Baoji 721600,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局西北调查规划设计院,陕西西安710048 [2]旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [3]陕西太白县林业局,陕西宝鸡721600

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2023年第2期140-146,192,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室2020年科研项目。

摘　　要：研究秦岭太白山区域巴山冷杉天然林群落的物种组成、多样性及其对海拔的响应,可为天然林的保护与合理开发利用提供科学依据。采用典型样方调查法,分析巴山冷杉天然林群落各层次的物种组成,计算其重要值、物种多样性指数,并针对天然林物种多样性与其所在海拔因子的关系进行耦合。结果表明,巴山冷杉天然林群落共有123种植物,巴山冷杉为该群落的建群种,重要值高达64.95%,乔木物种构成比较单一;灌木层共有41个物种,其中秦岭箭竹重要值高达32.39%,为灌木层主要优势种;草本层的物种多达77种,呈随机分布,单个物种的优势度不高。群落中各层次物种丰富度为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,均匀度指数、优势度指数和多样性指数均为草本层高于木本层。随着海拔的升高,灌木层的多样性指数变动幅度较大,而草本层多呈平缓上升趋势。物种丰富度在海拔2500 m处有最大值,均匀度指数、优势度指数、多样性指数均在海拔2886 m处达到最大值。秦岭太白山巴山冷杉天然林群落的自我更新演替能力较差,呈衰退状态。海拔对林下各层次物种多样性有一定影响,且对灌木层的影响大于草本层。To investigate the species composition,diversity and response to altitude gradient of Abies fargesii natural forest community in Mt.Taibai of Qinling,and to provide scientific basis for the protection and reasonable development and utilization of natural forests.Quadrat survey method was adopted to analyze the species composition at different levels in the community,to calculate the important value,species diversity index,and to couple the relationship between species diversity and its altitude.A total of 123 species were found in the community,among which A.fargesii was the constructive species with an importance value of 64.95%,the composition of arbor layer species was relatively simple;there were 41 species in shrub layer,Fargesia qinlingensis was the dominant species with an importance value of 32.39%;77 species were found in the herb layer,which were randomly distributed,and the dominance of a single species was not high.The species richness was in the order of herb layer>shrub layer>arbor layer.The evenness index,dominance index and diversity index of the herb layer were higher than the woody layer.The species diversity index of all layer of the natural forest was irregular with the altitude pattern.The diversity index of the shrub layer varied greatly with the altitude,while the diversity index of the herb layer showed a gentle upward trend.The species richness of various levels of the natural forest had a maximum at the altitude of 2500 m,and the evenness index,dominance index,and diversity index reached their maximums at the altitude of 2886 m.The ability of self-renewal and succession of A.fargesii natural forest community in Mt.Taibai of Qinling was poor,and it was in a state of decline.Altitude had larger influence on shrub layer than on herb layer.

关 键 词：太白山 巴山冷杉 物种多样性 天然林群落 海拔 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]