沉积岩-变沉积岩型钴矿研究进展与问题  

Research progresses andproblems of sedimentary-metasedimentary rock-hosted cobalt deposits

作　　者：张连昌[1,2] 张爱奎 刘永乐 李文 董志国[1] 高炳宇[1] 王长乐 朱明田[1,2] ZHANG LianChang;ZHANG AiKun;LIU YongLe;LI Wen;DONG ZhiGuo;GAO BinYu;WANG ChangLe;ZHU MingTian(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Third Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province,Xining 844000,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海省第三地质勘查院,西宁844000 [4]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2023年第4期981-997,共17页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903502);国家自然科学基金项目(U1703242)联合资助。

摘　　要：沉积岩-变质型钴矿床占全球超过50%的钴资源储量,产量约占全球的65%以上,这类钴矿床主要分布在中非赞比亚-刚果(金)、美国爱达荷,及我国辽吉、山西、青海等地的沉积砂页岩、海底热水沉积岩及其变质岩系中。目前国际上对沉积岩-变沉积岩型钴矿的区域成矿地质背景、含矿建造、钴的赋存状态、后期变质与构造作用、成矿时代等方面有较多的研究,但在沉积-变质-热液改造等不同地质过程中钴的地球化学行为、沉积成矿条件与古海洋环境、钴的富集机理及其控制因素等方面的认识仍存在分歧和有待深入研究的问题。本文在综述国内外典型铜钴成矿带地质背景、含矿建造和矿床地质特征等的基础上,总结了各成矿带的主要成矿条件与成矿规律,分析了各矿带成矿流体和成矿物质的来源、富矿控制要素和成矿机制;提出控制钴沉积成矿的制约因素主要是大陆裂解、海洋氧化还原条件、沉积相与沉积环境等,而要形成富矿的关键是后期变质作用或热液活动的改造叠加。同时作者对全球沉积-变沉积型钴矿的时空分布规律及控制因素进行了探讨,提出今后应在古气候与古海洋环境、物质来源与矿源层、后期热液改造作用与钴元素超常富集成矿机理等方面开展详细和深入的研究。Sedimentary-metasedimentary cobalt deposits account for more than 50%of the world’s cobalt reserves and its output accounts for more than 65%of the world.Such cobalt deposits are mainly distributed in Zambia-Congo(Kinshasa)of Central Africa,Idaho of the United States,and Liaoning,Jilin,Shanxi and Qinghai of China.Sedimentary sand shale,submarine hydrothermal sedimentary rocks and their metamorphic rock series are the main host rocks.At present,there are many studies on the regional geological background,ore-bearing formation,late metamorphism and tectonism,mineralogy of cobalt,ore-forming fluids and mineralization ages.However,there are still controversies and problems to be studied,such as the geochemical behavior of cobalt in different geological processes of sedimentation-metamorphism-hydrothermal transformation,sedimentary conditions and marine environment,enrichment mechanism of cobalt and its controlling factors.In this paper,based on the geological background,ore-bearing formation,deposit geological characteristics,authors analyze metallogenic conditions and regularities,the sources of ore-forming fluid and ore-forming material and forming mechanism of cobalt.Authors suggest that the main constraint factor controlling cobalt deposition and mineralization are continental breakup,oceanic redox conditions,sedimentary facies and sedimentary environment,and the key to forming ore-rich is superposition of late metamorphism or hydrothermal activity.At the same time,the temporal and spatial distribution of global sedimentary-metasedimentary cobalt deposits and the ore-controlling factors are discussed in this paper.It is proposed that detailed and in-depth research should be carried out on paleoclimate and paleo-oceanic environment,material sources and source beds,late hydrothermal superposition and abnormal enrichment mechanism of cobalt.

关 键 词：沉积岩-变沉积型矿床 钴矿 成矿区带 控矿因素 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.62[天文地球—地质学]