地质样品中钴、镍的分析进展  

Advances in analysis for cobalt and nickel in geologicalmaterials

作　　者：薛丁帅[1] 李文君[1] 王静 贾丽辉 毛亚晶[1] 苏本勋[1,2] XUE DingShuai;LI WenJun;WANG Jing;JIA LiHui;MAO YaJing;SU BenXun(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《岩石学报》2023年第4期1217-1232,共16页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903501);国家自然科学基金项目(42073022)联合资助。

摘　　要：早在20世纪初期,化学家就开展了比色法分析钴、镍的研究工作。由于比色法灵敏度不高且操作繁琐,人们开始追求更高效的固体样品消解方法、更简便的操作以及更高灵敏度和高精度的分析技术。在样品分解方面,逐渐发展出了酸溶和碱熔两套样品分解体系;在仪器分析方面,则发展出了原子吸收光谱法、等离子体光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、等离子体质谱法等更加高效简洁的仪器分析技术。随着地质科学的发展,电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱微区原位分析技术,以及多接收等离子体质谱镍同位素分析技术也逐渐发展起来。在元素分析方面,原子吸收光谱法、等离子体光/质谱法一般需要经过酸或者碱将样品分解为溶液状态,前处理流程较为繁琐;而X射线荧光光谱法采用熔片或者压片进行样品制备,前处理方法简单高效,更加受到青睐。在同位素分析方面,镍同位素逐渐应用到钴镍矿床研究中,近年有望通过典型矿床剖析明确多种成矿过程镍同位素的行为与分馏机制,如岩浆演化、热液蚀变、风化等。镍同位素的分离技术难度较高,因此,创新镍同位素的分离过程和测试方法,并建立更加简便的分析流程是未来发展的重点方向。在微区分析方面,激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱比电子探针的样品制备简单、分析速度快、成本低,更有发展潜力。本文总结了近百年来地质样品钴、镍分析方法的演变与突破,对比了各类方法的优缺点,展望了地质样品钴、镍分析方法的发展前景。As early as the 20^(th) century,chemists carried out colorimetric analysis of cobalt and nickel.Due to the low sensitivity and cumbersome operation of the colorimetric method,more efficient digestion methods,simpler operation,higher sensitivity,and high-precision became the development direction,and gradually two sets of sample decomposition systems were developed,namely acid digestion and alkali fusion.At the same time,more efficient and simple instrumental analysis technologies such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(AAS),Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES),X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)were also developed.With the development of geological science,Electron Microprobe Analysis(EMPA),and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(LAICP-MS)for in-situ micro-analysis technology,as well as Multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(MC-ICP-MS)for nickel isotope analysis technology,have been developed.In terms of element analysis,AAS and ICP-OES/ICP-MS generally require acid or alkali to decompose samples into solution state,and the pretreatment process is cumbersome,whereas the XRF technology uses fused dicks or pressed powder pellet for sample preparation and is becoming popular due to its simple and efficient pretreatments.Nickel isotopes are gradually applied to the study of cobalt nickel deposits.In recent years,it is expected to clarify the behavior and fractionation mechanism of nickel isotopes in various mineralization processes,such as magma evolution,hydrothermal alteration,and weathering.Since it is still difficult to separate and quantitative recovery nickel from the rock matrix,innovation of nickel separation technique and testing method,and establishment of simplified analysis process are the focus of future development.In micro-analysis,LA-ICP-MS is simpler than EMPA in sample preparation,faster in analysis and lower in cost.In summary,this paper summarizes the achievements in

关 键 词：样品前处理 比色法 原子吸收光谱 等离子体光谱 X射线荧光光谱 电子探针 (多接收和激光剥蚀)等离子体质谱 

分 类 号：P575[天文地球—矿物学] P599[天文地球—地质学]