上游开放政策会影响下游FDI溢出效应吗?——基于服务业放松外资管制视角  

Will Upstream Open Policies Affect Downstream FDI Spillovers?Based on Deregulation of Foreign Investment in the Service Industry

作　　者：冼国明[1] 林洋 Xian Guoming;Lin Yang

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心,天津市300071 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津市300071

出　　处：《南方经济》2023年第3期49-75,共27页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“异质性企业创新能力的提升困境及破局对策研究”(20CJL027)的资助。

摘　　要：推动外商直接投资对国民经济发展的溢出作用对我国经济发展质量和效益的提升具有十分重要的战略意义。文章基于服务业放松外资管制的全新视角,利用2000—2013年中国微观企业数据,探究了上游服务业外资开放政策对下游制造业FDI水平溢出、后向溢出和前向溢出效应的影响及可能机制。研究结果显示:①上游服务业放松外资管制显著促进了下游FDI水平溢出、后向溢出和前向溢出效应,该结论在控制内生性问题、使用不同时期样本以及采用不同指标进行稳健性检验后仍旧成立。②服务业开放与下游FDI溢出效应的关系受到异质性影响,服务业开放对下游FDI溢出效应的促进作用在具有较低吸收能力和较高吸收意愿的企业中更加显著;相比生活型和公共型服务业开放,生产型服务业开放更能促进下游制造业FDI技术溢出。③机制检验发现,服务业开放主要通过提高企业创新要素和中间品要素供给以及提升地区产业集聚和企业分工水平等渠道对下游FDI溢出效应产生积极影响。④进一步以服务业金融开放为例构建双重差分模型表明,扩大上游服务业开放有助于提高下游FDI水平溢出、后向溢出和前向溢出水平。文章的研究对于促进外商直接投资服务于经济发展目标,理解上游开放政策与下游制造业高质量发展的内在关系提供了一定的参考。Since the reform and opening up,China’s foreign direct investment has developed rapidly.In 2020,China had surpassed the United States to become the country that attracts the most foreign direct investment in the world.Many studies have found that FDI has played an important role in promoting China’s economic growth,technological progress,OFDI,in‐novation,employment and participation in GVCs.The Chinese government has also recognized the importance of utilizing for‐eign direct investment,and has successively issued many policies to encourage the development of foreign direct investment in China.In recent years,the Chinese government has made significant adjustments to the foreign investment access policy in the service industry.The amount of foreign direct investment in the service industry has continued to increase,and the mar‐ket size and product range of service intermediate goods has continued to expand.The above changes have increased the way for downstream manufacturing enterprises to acquire technology spillovers.The study based on the new perspective of deregu‐lation of foreign investment in the service industry to explore the impact and possible mechanisms of the upstream service in‐dustry’s foreign investment opening policy on the level of spillovers,backward spillovers and forward spillovers in down‐stream manufacturing.Based on China’s micro-enterprise data from 2000 to 2013,the results show that:①The deregulation of foreign invest ment in the upstream service industry significantly promotes the level of downstream FDI spillovers,backward spillovers and forward spillovers.This conclusion is still valid after controlling for endogeneity problems,using samples from different peri‐ods,and using different indicators for robustness tests.②The relationship between service sector opening and downstream FDI spillovers is affected by heterogeneity.The promotion effect of the opening of the service industry on the downstream FDI spillover effect is more significant in the enterprises wi

关 键 词：服务业开放 外商直接投资 溢出效应 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]