结构方程模型分析中国老年人两周患病未就诊现状及影响因素  

The structural equation model analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of the elderly in China who have not seen a doctor for two weeks

作　　者：白思怡 朱平华 BAI Si-yi;ZHU Ping-hua(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2022年第S01期4-6,共3页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：广西医科大学创新创业训练项目(X202210598290)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国老年人两周患病未就诊现状,为提升老年人卫生服务工作提供科学准确的指导依据。方法以2018年“中国老年健康影响跟踪调查”(CLHLS)数据为基础,删除65岁以下的样本及有缺失的资料,采用卡方检验及结构方程模型统计分析。结果经过单因素分析,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族、受教育程度的老年人两周患病未就诊率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经过单因素分析,日常活动能力、自评健康状况、是否慢性病、是否感到孤独的老年人两周患病未就诊率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时显示老年人两周患病未就诊率为45.80%,结构方程模型显示影响最大的是不同健康特征因素,标准化回归系数为-0.183。其次为不同社会经济特征,总效果值为-0.011,不同人口学特征对患病就诊只有直接作用,标准化回归系数为-0.052。结论我国老年人两周患病未就诊主要受到未参保、经济水平低、自评健康评价低、患有慢性病、口常活动能力有损伤、感到孤独相关因素影响。针对影响因素采取相应措施以提高我国老年人卫生服务利用水平,为更好地实现健康老龄化提出相应的对策建议。Objective To analyzed the current situation of elderly people in China who have not seen a doctor for two weeks,and provides scientific and accurate guidance for improving health services for the elderly.Methods Based on the data of the 2018 China Elderly Health Impact Tracking Survey(CLHLS),samples under the age of 65 and missing data were deleted,and x^(2) test and structural equation model were used for statistical analysis.Results After univariate analysis,the twoweeks failure rate of elderly people of different genders,ages,marital status,ethnicities,and education levels was statistically significant(P<0.05).After univariate analysis,there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of non-medical treatment for two weeks among the elderly with daily activity ability,self-rated health status,chronic disease,and whether they felt lonely(P<0.05).At the same time,it was shown that the twoweeks no-medical treatment rate of the elderly was 45.80%,and the structural equation model showed that the factors with different health characteristics had the greatest impact,and the standardized regression coefficient was-0.183.The total effect value was-0.011,and different demographic characteristics had only direct effects on disease visits,and the standardized regression coefficient was-0.052.Conclusion The failure of Chinese elderly people to see a doctor for two weeks is mainly affected by factors related to uninsured,low economic level,low self-rated health evaluation,chronic diseases,impaired ability to perform daily activities,and feeling lonely.According to the influencing factors,corresponding measures are taken to improve the utilization level of health services for the elderly in China,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put fonvard for better realizing healthy aging.

关 键 词：结构方程模型 我国老年人 两周患病 未就诊现状 影响因素 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]