基于液氢和氨的氢运输链能效和碳排放分析  

Energy efficiency and carbon emission analysis of hydrogen transport chains based on liquid hydrogen and ammonia

作　　者：刘洪茹 林文胜[1] LIU Hongru;LIN Wensheng(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第3期1291-1298,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

摘　　要：近年来,氢能利用越来越受到重视。由于“碳中和”目标的提出,中国未来对氢能源的需求将会更大,而挪威拥有丰富的天然气资源和可再生能源,可通过天然气制氢结合碳捕集与封存技术大量供应蓝氢。然而,如何克服长途、大规模运输的困难是一个迫切的问题。本研究以从挪威到中国和欧洲两条路线为例,以能量效率和碳排放强度为研究参数,以液氢和氨两种氢能储运方式为研究对象,选取合理的数据进行理论计算并搭建运输链,绘制出各条运输链的能流图,对两种运输方式进行了比较。结果表明,氨(不裂解)运输链运输到欧洲和中国的能量效率分别是41.6%和33.6%,高于液氢运输链的37.65%和33.38%,而氨(裂解)运输链的能量效率最低,为30.39%和24.83%。在碳排放强度方面,与液氢运输链[241.27kg/(MW·h)和214.8kg/(MW·h)]和氨(裂解)运输链[216.94kg/(MW·h)和183.33kg/(MW·h)]相比,氨(不裂解)运输链[135.87kg/(MW·h)和110.76kg/(MW·h)]的碳排放强度最低。In recent years,more and more attentions are paid to hydrogen utilization.China will have a greater demand for hydrogen energy due to “carbon neutrality”,while Norway has rich natural gas resources and renewable energy,which can supply a large amount of blue hydrogen through natural gas hydrogen production combined with carbon capture and storage technology.However,how to overcome the difficulties of long-distance and large-scale transport is an urgent problem.Taking Norway to China and to Europe as examples,energy efficiency and carbon emission intensity as research parameters,and liquid hydrogen and ammonia as research objects,this study compared the two transport modes by selecting reasonable data for theoretical calculation,building the transport chain and drawing the energy flow diagram of each transport chain.The results showed that the energy efficiency of ammonia(no cracking)transport chain to Europe and China was 41.6% and 33.6%,respectively,which was higher than that of liquid hydrogen transport chain(37.65% and 33.38%) and ammonia(cracking) transport chain(30.39% and 24.83%).In terms of carbon emissions,ammonia(no cracking) transport chain had lower carbon emissions [135.87kg/(MW·h) and 110.76kg/(MW·h)] than liquid hydrogen transport chain [241.27kg/(MW·h) and 214.8kg/(MW·h)] and ammonia(cracking) transport chain [216.94kg/(MW·h) and 183.33kg/(MW·h)].

关 键 词：氢运输链 液氢 氨 能效分析 碳排放 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]