有机固废合成气原位净化催化剂设计及反应器分析  

Catalyst design and reactor analysis for in-situ purification of organic solid waste syngas

作　　者：宋叶 陈玉卓 宋云彩[1] 冯杰[1] SONG Ye;CHEN Yuzhuo;SONG Yuncai;FENG Jie(State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室,山西太原030024

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第3期1383-1396,共14页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1906802)。

摘　　要：焦油脱除是实现有机固废气化制合成气连续运行的关键。常规金属类的焦油裂解催化剂尽管裂解能力强,但在固废气化高焦油、高水的环境下容易失活,催化剂再生和使用成本高。本研究设计并制备了一种比表面积达1384.2m^(2)/g的生物质半焦催化剂,该催化剂用于可原位脱除焦油的有机固废气化反应器中,使用后的生物质半焦无需再生,直接落入气化反应器作为有机固废气化原料,大幅降低了焦油脱除成本。此外,本文通过对生物质半焦表面性质的测定及模型化合物甲苯在生物质半焦上裂解的活性评价,构建了半焦催化剂的失活动力学模型。在此基础上,利用多场耦合软件COMSOL对该催化剂在示范工程工艺条件下的焦油脱除过程进行仿真,考察了催化剂停留时间、装填量以及催化剂反应器形状对裂解过程的影响。结果表明,当脱除焦油的反应器高径比为1.0,全部填充催化剂时,出口焦油浓度可在4~6s内降为0,且合成气中H_(2)浓度为0.032kg/m^(3),CO浓度为0.50kg/m^(3)。Tar removal from syngas is key for solid waste gasification.Conventional metal-based catalysts,despite their high cracking capabilities,easily deactivate during gasification in tar-and water vapor-laden environments.In this study,a biochar catalyst with a large specific surface area of 1384.2m^(2)/g was prepared and its kinetics of in-situ tar removal were examined in an organic solid waste gasification reactor.The generated biochar could directly be incorporated into the gasification process without regeneration,enabling efficient tar removal at a considerably lower cost.In addition,the deactivation kinetic model of the char catalyst was constructed by measuring its surface properties and evaluating the activity of toluene cracking reaction.On this basis,the tar removal process under the conditions of the demonstration engineering process was simulated using the multi-field coupling software COMSOL.The effects of residence time,catalyst loading amount,and reactor shape on the cracking process were investigated.The results showed that,in a reactor with a height-to-diameter ratio 1.0 and full catalyst loading,the tar concentration at the outlet was reduced to zero within 4—6s,and the H_(2) and CO concentrations in the syngas were 0.032kg/m^(3) and 0.50kg/m^(3),respectively.

关 键 词：有机固废 生物质半焦 焦油 动力学 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TQ524[化学工程—煤化学工程]