二维纳米材料在渗透汽化脱盐膜中的应用  

Application of two-dimensional nanomaterials in pervaporation desalination membrane

作　　者：陈仪 郭耀励 叶海星 李宇璇 牛青山 CHEN Yi;GUO Yaoli;YE Haixing;LI Yuxuan;NIU Q.Jason(Institute of Advance Study,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China;School of Materials Science andEngineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学高等研究院,广东深圳518000 [2]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580 [3]中国石油大学(华东)材料科学与工程学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第3期1437-1447,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然基金委联合基金重点项目(U2006230);深圳市科创委基础研究面上项目(JCYJ20210324095202008)。

摘　　要：渗透汽化(PV)具有预处理要求低,截留率及水回收率高、抗污染性强等优势,在水处理尤其是高盐废水处理方面具有巨大的应用前景。但目前PV脱盐技术的分离效率较低、稳定性差、抗污染性能欠佳的劣势限制了PV膜在分离膜技术的应用和认可。新型膜材料如二维纳米材料的引入使得PV膜从材料到性能都有了较大提升,被认为是提高PV膜脱盐性能的有效手段。本文首先介绍了PV脱盐技术的分离机理,并从3个方面综述了二维纳米材料在制备PV脱盐膜中的应用现状:二维纳米材料的分类与合成方法、PV复合脱盐膜的制备途径与稳定性提高策略以及二维纳米材料对PV膜特性及脱盐性能的影响。文中指出现有的PV传质模型存在较大局限性且新型二维纳米材料的合成方法较难,为了进一步提高PV复合膜的性能并降低制备成本,还需完善PV复合膜的传质机制并优化二维纳米材料的制备工艺。Pervaporation(PV) possesses advantages such as the low requirement for feed water,high rejection and water recovery rate,and strong fouling resistance.Therefore,PV desalination can be competitive with other desalination technologies,especially for high-salinity brine.Current applications of PV desalination however are limited due to its relatively low separation efficiency,stability and fouling resistance.The introduction of novel membrane materials such as two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials is considered to be an effective means to improve both the material properties and performance of PV desalination membranes.In this paper,a brief introduction to PV desalination technology is initially given.Then,the research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of PV desalination is reviewed from three perspectives:the properties and synthesis methods of nanomaterials,the preparation and modification strategies of nanocomposite membranes,and the influence of 2D nanomaterials on the properties and desalination performance of PV membranes.It is pointed out that the existing PV mass transfer model had great limitations and the synthesis of new two-dimensional nanomaterials faced great difficulty.To further improve the performance of PV compositemembranes and reduce the preparation cost,it is necessary to clarify the mass transfer mechanism of PV composite membrane and optimize the fabrication method of two-dimensional nanomaterials.In general,two-dimensional PV nanocomposite membranes with excellent separation performance and physicochemical properties will play an important role in the field of desalination.

关 键 词：渗透汽化 二维纳米材料 脱盐 膜 复合材料 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]