微流控芯片技术应用于精阴混合斑分离的研究进展  

Progressing Microfluidic Chips for Separating Sperm from Mixed Stain of Seminal and Vaginal Substances

作　　者：杜猛 张颖 高珊 徐示 张广峰 徐小玉 聂昊 郭柯利 刘开会 DU Meng;ZHANG Ying;GAO Shan;XU Shi;ZHANG Guangfeng;XU Xiaoyu;NIE Hao;GUO Keli;LIU Kaihui(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第2期138-145,共8页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：公安部科技强警基础工作专项(2020GABJC12)

摘　　要：在性侵案件中,精阴混合斑检材是常见且具有重要证据价值的物证,如何从中分离出嫌疑人精子细胞并检出其STR分型,是破案的关键,更是法医DNA实验室必须解决的问题。目前,国内实验室主流应用的差异裂解法以及基于此原理的改良方法,都存在难以克服的缺点。微流控技术的不断发展为混合斑中精子细胞的分离带来了新思路,基于不同原理并不断演进的微流控芯片被研制出来以尝试解决此难题。本文从研究和应用进展角度对机械操控法、流体动力和捏流分选融合法、声波差异提取法、介电泳法、SLeX糖芯片法等5种用于精阴混合斑分离的不同类型微流控芯片进行了概述与简要比较。随着相关技术的不断发展和完善,推出具有体积小、速度快、效果稳定等优点,可以广泛适用于各级法医DNA实验室进行案件混合斑分离的芯片将指日可待。The mixed stain of seminal and vaginal substances is significant evidence commonly found in sexual assault cases.How to isolate the involved perpetrator’s sperm and obtain its STR profiles is always the key to solving the relevant issue and the task any forensic DNA laboratory has to tackle.Many techniques have been invented to deal with the mixed stain,but the mainstream choice presently used in domestic laboratories is the differential lysis or its modified version.Although the methods mentioned above are of simple principle and low cost,they have still tended to bear some disadvantages that are difficult to overcome,e.g.,long time-consuming,many processing steps,complex operation,low degree of automation,and difficulty in getting a single male STR genotyping in the case of entanglement with many female components.Microfluidic chips,an ever-developing technology based on different principles,have been innovated and used for capturing sperm in forensic cases.Compared with the traditional methods,microfluidic chips assume their advantages as the following rough aspects:less sample consumption;rapid high-throughput extraction,greater portability,great integrative and automotive potential;increased concentration and purity of isolated spermatozoa in the final product.Currently,there are five different types of microfluidic chips applied for separating sperm from the mixed stain of seminal and vaginal substances:one relying on different sediment velocities and adherence properties that utilize hydrodynamic filtration and pinched flow fractionation,one taking acoustic differential extraction,one basing on dielectrophoresis,and the SLeX-carbohydrate microarrays.Microfluidic chips were summarized here based on the difference in the involved two cells’physical characteristics and ligand-specific combination according to separation mechanism,with an overview being carried out about the development of each type of microfluidic chips-the technical principle,latest progress,advantages and disadvantages,coming-up researc

关 键 词：法医遗传学 微流控 混合斑 精子细胞 STR分型 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]