不同轮作模式下氮肥施用对油菜产量形成及养分利用的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Oilseed Under Different Cropping Systems

作　　者：李小勇 黄威 刘红菊 李银水[1] 顾炽明 代晶 胡文诗 杨璐 廖星[1] 秦璐[1] LI XiaoYong;HUANG Wei;LIU HongJu;LI YinShui;GU ChiMing;DAI Jing;HU WenShi;YANG Lu;LIAO Xing;QIN Lu(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062;Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huanggang 438000,Hubei;Yingcheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yingcheng 432400,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点开放实验室,武汉430062 [2]黄冈市农业科学院,湖北黄冈438000 [3]应城市农业技术推广中心,湖北应城432400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第6期1074-1085,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000900);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究施氮量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量形成及养分利用的影响。【方法】以甘蓝型油菜品种‘中油杂19’为材料,在湖北黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置两个轮作模式(稻油轮作,RO;豆油轮作,SO)为主区,4个施氮量(N0,0;N1,90 kg·hm^(-2);N2,180 kg·hm^(-2);N3,270 kg·hm^(-2))为副区,测定产量构成、干物质积累、农艺性状、养分积累及籽粒品质等相关指标。【结果】(1)豆油轮作油菜籽粒产量显著高于稻油轮作,增加施氮量,不同轮作模式下油菜单株角果数、每角果粒数及千粒重均呈显著上升趋势,与N0相比,在N1、N2和N3处理下,稻油轮作油菜籽粒产量分别增长176.68%、436.49%和835.40%,豆油轮作油菜籽粒产量分别增长123.96%、344.46%和547.25%。豆油轮作较稻油轮作在N0、N1、N2和N3处理下大田籽粒产量分别增长62.09%、31.33%、71.79%和12.21%;(2)成熟期豆油轮作油菜根颈粗、株高、第一有效分枝高度和有效分枝数显著高于稻油轮作,且随施氮量增加不同轮作模式下各农艺性状指标显著增加;各生育期豆油轮作单株油菜根干重及地上部干重显著高于稻油轮作,但根冠比低于稻油轮作,且随施氮量增加,两种轮作模式下苗期后根冠比显著下降;(3)豆油轮作油菜根系、角果壳、茎秆、籽粒氮含量和氮积累量均高于稻油轮作,且随着施氮量增加各部位氮含量和氮积累量显著增加。豆油轮作籽粒氮素表观利用率高于稻油轮作,随施氮量的增加,稻油轮作下氮素表观利用率增加,而豆油轮作氮素表观利用率呈现先上升后下降趋势;(4)与稻油轮作模式相比,相同施氮量下豆油轮作油菜角果壳可溶性糖含量低,而游离氨基酸含量和游离氨基酸含量/可溶性糖含量比值高,随施氮量增加可溶性糖含量降低,游离氨基酸含量和游离氨基酸含量/可溶性糖含量比值增加。因此,豆油轮作油菜籽粒因脂肪酸合成底物受限,含�【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nutrient utilization of oilseed(Brassica napus L.)under different cropping systems.【Method】A field experiment was carried out in Huanggang,Hubei Province.An oilseed variety‘Zhongyouza19’was used as the material,setting with two cropping systems(rice-oil rotation,RO;soybean-oil rotation,SO)and four nitrogen rates(N0,0;N1,90 kg·hm^(-2);N2,180 kg·hm^(-2);N3,270 kg·hm^(-2))in this study.The yield and its components,dry matter accumulation,agronomic traits,nitrogen content and seeds quality were measured.【Result】(1)The oilseed yield of SO was significantly higher than that of RO,and the pods per plant,seeds per pod and 1000-seeds weight of oilseed in different cropping systems all tended to increase significantly by increasing the amount of nitrogen.Compared with N0,the seed yield of RO increased by 176.68%,436.49%and 835.40%under N1,N2 and N3 treatments,respectively,while that of SO increased by 123.96%,344.46%and 547.25%,respectively.Compared with RO,the seed yield under SO increased by 62.09%,31.33%,71.79%and 12.21%under N0,N1,N2 and N3 treatments,respectively.(2)The root crown diameter,plant height,first effective branch height and branch number of SO oilseed were significantly higher than those of RO at maturity stage,and the increase in each agronomic trait index was significant under different cropping systems with the increase in nitrogen application;the root biomass and above-ground biomass of SO were significantly higher than those of RO at all growth stages,but the root shoot ratio was lower than that of RO.The root shoot ratio decreased significantly after seedling stage in both cropping system with increasing nitrogen application.(3)Nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in the root,pod shell,stalk and seeds of SO were higher than those in RO,and the increases in nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in each part were significant with the increase in nitrogen applicati

关 键 词：油菜 轮作模式 施氮量 产量 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]