不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat

作　　者：王箫璇 张敏 张鑫尧 魏鹏 柴如山 张朝春[2,3] 张亮亮 罗来超[1,2] 郜红建 WANG XiaoXuan;ZHANG Min;ZHANG XinYao;WEI Peng;CHAI RuShan;ZHANG ChaoChun;ZHANG LiangLiang;LUO LaiChao;GAO HongJian(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Research Center of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Zone,Hefei 230036;College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer,Hefei 230036;College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/安徽省绿色磷肥制造与高效利用工程研究中心,合肥230036 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第6期1113-1126,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);国家自然科学基金(41877099)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同磷肥对土壤磷素形态转化及小麦磷素吸收利用效率的影响,为土壤-磷肥-作物体系磷肥精准匹配及高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】在砂姜黑土和红壤上设置不施磷(CK)、施用过磷酸钙(SSP)、钙镁磷肥(FMP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、重过磷酸钙(TSP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)6个处理,研究小麦拔节期和开花期根际与非根际土壤中磷库转化特征及其与植株体内磷素累积利用的关系。【结果】砂姜黑土施用磷肥后土壤有效磷含量提高194%—662%,不同磷肥处理小麦根际土壤中有效磷含量为APP>TSP>DAP>FMP>SSP>CK处理。施用磷肥显著提升了小麦拔节期和开花期砂姜黑土中H_(2)O-P和NaHCO_(3)-Pi含量,降低Residual-P含量,其中H_(2)O-P和NaHCO_(3)-Pi含量与土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关,TSP和APP处理在小麦拔节期对NaHCO_(3)-Pi含量提升幅度最大,分别较不施磷提升了41.0和36.0 mg·kg^(-1)。红壤施用磷肥后根际土壤有效磷含量提高84%—791%,其中DAP和TSP处理的土壤有效磷含量显著高于其他磷肥处理,红壤中根际土壤NaHCO_(3)-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量与土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关,施用磷肥后红壤中NaHCO_(3)-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量分别提高275.2%—848.3%和26.9%—58.3%,其中DAP和TSP处理提升效果最为显著。砂姜黑土和红壤上小麦植株磷素累积量与土壤有效磷含量在小麦拔节期均呈现显著正相关关系,砂姜黑土和红壤小麦植株磷素累积量与土壤有效磷含量在小麦拔节期均呈现显著正相关关系,根际土壤有效磷含量每提高1 mg·kg^(-1),小麦植株磷素累积量分别提高0.87和0.37 mg/pot。砂姜黑土施用不同磷肥均可显著提高植株磷素累积量,较不施磷提高15.4%—50.9%,其中APP和TSP处理使小麦植株磷素累积量及磷素利用效率较其他磷肥处理显著提高。红壤中施用不同磷肥使磷素累积量和产量分别较不施磷提高123.7%—643.9%和75.5%—337.2%,其中TSP处�【Objective】Effects of different phosphorus(P)fertilizers application on soil P transformation as well as P uptake and utilization in wheat were investigated,so as to provide a theoretical basis for precise matching and efficient utilization of P fertilizer in soil-P fertilizer-crop system.【Method】The pot experiment was conducted in lime concretion black soil and red soil including six treatments:no P fertilizer(CK);application of calcium superphosphate(SSP),calcium magnesium phosphate(FMP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),calcium superphosphate(TSP)and ammonium polyphosphate(APP).The relationship between the P transformation in rhizosphere as well as non-rhizosphere soils with P accumulation in wheat at the jointing and anthesis stages was analyzed.【Result】Soil Olsen-P concentration increased by 194%-662%after application of P fertilizer in lime concretion black soil.Soil Olsen-P concentration in wheat rhizosphere soil followed the order:APP,TSP,DAP,FMP,SSP,and CK.The H_(2)O-P and NaHCO_(3)-Pi concentration was significantly increased,whereas the Residual-P concentration was significantly reduced after phosphate fertilizer application.Both H_(2)O-P and NaHCO_(3)-Pi concentration was positively correlated with soil Olsen-P.At the jointing stage,in comparison to that of the control,TSP and APP application increased NaHCO_(3)-Pi concentration by 41.0 and 36.0 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.For the red soil,soil Olsen-P concentration in rhizosphere soil increased by 84%-791%as P fertilizer was applied.And soil Olsen-P concentration under DAP and TSP treatments was significantly higher than that under other P fertilizer treatments.The NaHCO_(3)-Pi and NaOH-Pi concentration increased by 275.2%-848.3%and 26.9%-58.3%,respectively,which was positively correlated with rhizosphere soil Olsen-P concentration.After P fertilizer application,the most significant effects were found under DAP and TSP treatments.At the jointing stage,there was a significant positive correlation between shoot P accumulation and soil Olsen-P concentr

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 红壤 磷肥品种 土壤磷库转化特征 磷肥利用效率 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]