土耳其国家治理难题的百年演变  

Evolution of Turkey’s Centenary Problem with Its National Governance

作　　者：李秉忠[1] 许茜怡 LI Bingzhong;XU Qianyi

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院 [2]陕西师范大学土耳其研究中心

出　　处：《西北工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期85-94,共10页Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“土耳其国家治理难题研究”(17ASS003)。

摘　　要：土耳其国家治理中面临着库尔德问题、政治伊斯兰和军人政治三大彼此缠绕的难题,三大治理难题在凯末尔时代已经有了部分的端倪。1946年开启的选举政治,则是它们共同的逻辑起点,经过了不同历史阶段的演变。土耳其国家治理的三大难题到20世纪90年代晚期获得了某种阶段性的解决,土耳其发生了软性军事政变推翻了执政的伊斯兰政党,库尔德工人党党魁厄贾兰被捕。然而,三大治理难题在进入21世纪后被赋予新的动力和演变的方向,军人政变短期内可能性不大,政治伊斯兰的长期性已经不再遭受怀疑,库尔德问题以选举政治和库尔德工人党双重形式得以表现。在区域和国际格局迅即变化的时下,土耳其即将迎来建国百年的历史性节点,国家治理中的诸多难题也需要学术界做一个阶段性的总结。Turkey is faced with three intertwining problems with its national governance,i.e.,the Kurd issue,political Islam,and military politics which partially originated during the Kemal age.Their common logical origin was marked by the country’s selection politics that began in 1946,followed by their evolution over historical phases.Turkey’s three national governance problems gained some phased solution in the late 1990s.A mild military coup overthrew the ruling Islamic party,resulting in the arrest of Ocalan,the PKK chieftain.Entering the 21st century,however,the three governance problems were given new impetus and evolution directions.Another military coup seems unlikely in near future;the long-term existence of political Islam is no longer doubted;the Kurd issue is represented by selection politics and the PKK.As regional and global patterns dramatically change,Turkey is expecting the centennial anniversary of its founding.Meanwhile,academia is expected to formulate a phased summary of the problems with national governance.

关 键 词：库尔德问题 政治伊斯兰 军人政治 土耳其 

分 类 号：K374[历史地理—历史学]