气悬浮支撑剂技术在长庆致密气压裂中的应用  

Application of Bubble-Suspending Proppant Technology Used for Fracturing in Changqing′s Tight Gas Reservoirs

作　　者：李宪文[1,2] 杨波[3] 赵倩云[1,2] 王文雄 张浩[3] 古永红[1,2] 叶亮[1,2] 胡楚雄[4] LI Xianwen;YANG Bo;ZHAO Qianyun;WANG Wenxiong;ZHANG Hao;GU Yonghong;YE Liang;HU Chuxiong(National Engineering Laboratory of Low-permeability Oil&Gas Exploration and Development,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710018,China;Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710061,China;State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;Intercontinental Strait Energy Technology Co.,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室 [2]中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院 [3]油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室·成都理工大学 [4]洲际海峡能源科技有限公司

出　　处：《钻采工艺》2023年第1期64-70,共7页Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“低黏压裂液中气泡-压裂液-支撑剂三相协同携砂机理研究”(编号:52274031);四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目“页岩气储层改造三级裂缝暂堵转向基础研究”(编号:2020JDTD0017)。

摘　　要：滑溜水压裂液对致密储层伤害较低,但携砂能力弱,难以实现高砂比、长距离携砂,造成支撑缝面积远低于改造缝面积。通过气悬浮支撑剂技术,对支撑剂表面进行特殊改性,使其具有吸附气泡的能力,吸附气泡后的支撑剂体积密度大幅降低,运移能力大幅增强。室内实验表明,经气悬浮剂改性的20/40目及以下粒径的支撑剂,在常温、常压、黏度为15 mPa·s的滑溜水中可100%悬浮,观察2 h无沉降。动态输砂实验表明支撑剂在裂缝中呈整体均匀铺置,高温高压条件下气泡仍能对支撑剂有效悬浮。岩心伤害实验表明,破胶液和含气悬浮剂的破胶液对岩心渗透率的伤害率接近,且均低于10%,说明气悬浮剂不会对储层带来明显的附加伤害。该气悬浮支撑剂压裂技术在长庆油田鄂尔多斯盆地东部致密砂岩气藏开展了7口井先导实验,以黏度9~15 mPa·s的滑溜水在5 m^(3)/min排量下施工,压后产量为邻井常规压裂的1.2~1.9倍。气悬浮支撑剂将对压裂液黏度的需求从40~80 mPa·s的线性胶降至10 mPa·s左右的滑溜水,大幅降低了对压裂液黏度的依赖,从而降低了储层伤害,同时增加裂缝铺置效率,有利于提高单井产量及开发效益。Slick water fracturing fluid has little damage to tight reservoir,but it is difficult to achieve long-distance sand carrying capacity and high sand concentration due to its weak sand carrying capacity.As a result,the propped fracture area is far less than formed fracture area by fracturing.The proppant surface is specially modified by bubble-suspending technology to make it capable of absorbing bubbles,and the bulk density of the proppant is greatly reduced after adsorbing the bubbles,and the transport ability is greatly enhanced.Indoor experiments show that modified 20/40 mesh proppant can be suspended totally and no settlement for two hours in 15 mPa·s slick water in atmosphere condition.It shows that the proppant is uniform placement in the crack in slot-flow experiment.The bubbles can still effectively suspend the proppant under the condition of high temperature and high pressure.The core permeability damage experiment shows that no matter whether the modifier is contained in the broken gel or not,the both of damage rates are close to and all lower than 10%.This shows that the modifier will not cause obvious additional damage to the reservoir.The bubble-suspending proppant fracturing technology has been piloted in seven wells in the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the eastern Ordos Basin of Changqing Oilfield.The slick water with a viscosity of 9-15 mPa·s was operated at a pump rate in 5 m^(3)/min,and liquid nitrogen was injected simultaneously.The production performance of the new technology is 1.2-1.9 times that of the offset wells using conventional fracturing technology.Bubble-suspending proppant fracturing technology replaces the traditional 40~80 mPa·s linear gel fracturing fluid with 10 mPa·s slickwater,greatly reducing the dependence on viscosity and thus reducing reservoir damage.At the same time,the increase of proppants placement efficiency in fracture is conducive to improving the well production and development benefits.

关 键 词：气悬浮支撑剂 滑溜水 压裂 支撑剂改性 低伤害压裂 致密气藏 

分 类 号：TE377[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]