雪覆盖下冰盖的热力增厚和消融  

Thermal growth and decay of ice cover under snow cover

作　　者：杨开林[1] 郭新蕾[1] 王涛[1] 邓霄[2] 付辉[1] 郭永鑫[1] YANG Kailin;GUO Xinlei;WANG Tao;DENG Xiao;FU Hui;GUO Yongxin(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]太原理工大学测控技术研究所,山西太原030024

出　　处：《水利学报》2023年第3期279-290,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务(2019QZKK0207-02);水利部公益性行业科研专项(211501025);国家自然基金项目(U2243221,U2243239,51979291,52009144);中国水科院科研专项(HY0145B032021)。

摘　　要：雪覆盖下冰盖的热力增厚和消融是急需研究的问题,对于冬季降雪频繁地区开河预报、冰凌洪水风险分析具有重要的实用价值。基于雪盖和冰盖的热力条件是准稳态假设,建立了冰盖热力增厚和消融速率与雪厚、冰厚、大气传递给雪面的净热通量和水体传递给冰底面净热通量的函数关系,包括:太阳辐射、反射和透射,雪面和大气的长波辐射,雪面蒸发-对流,河床地温等因素。提出了雪面温度和冰盖垂向温度分布的理论公式及冰盖热力增厚和消融发展过程的数值计算模型。最后,以黑龙江漠河段实测的冰情为例,验证了所提冰盖热力增厚和消融数学模型的实用性,并分析了一些重要参数随时间的变化特点。The thermal growth and decay of ice cover under snow cover is an urgent research problem,which has important practical value for break-up date prediction and ice flood risk analysis in areas with frequent snowfall in winter.Based on the assumption that the thermal conditions of the snow cover and the ice cover are quasi steady state,the functional relationships among the thermal growth and decay rates of the ice cover,the snow cover thickness,the ice thickness,the net heat flux transmitted by the atmosphere to the snow surface and the net heat flux transmitted by the water body to the bottom of the ice cover are established,including solar radiation,reflection and transmission,long wave radiations of the snow surface and the atmosphere,evaporation-convection of the snow surface,ground temperature of the riverbed and other factors.The theoretical formulas of snow surface temperature and ice cover vertical temperature distribution and the numerical calculation model of ice cover thermal growth and decay development process are proposed.Finally,taking the ice conditions measured in the Mohe section of the Heilongjiang River as an example,the practicability of the proposed mathematical model for the thermal growth and decay of the ice cover is verified,and the variation characteristics of several important parameters with time are analyzed.

关 键 词：雪盖 冰盖 热力增厚 热力消融 大气热交换 河床地温 

分 类 号：TV211.13[水利工程—水文学及水资源]