《南海各方行为宣言》二十年:意义、挑战与机遇  

The 20th Anniversary of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: Significance, Challenges and Opportunities

作　　者：王胜 WANG Sheng(National Institute for South China Sea Studies,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]中国南海研究院,海南海口570203

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第2期19-29,共11页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

摘　　要：《南海各方行为宣言》是中国与东盟国家致力于共同努力构建地区规则的阶段性成果和首份政治文件,自签署以来对中国与有关声索国管控海上分歧、增进彼此互信及推进海上务实合作等发挥了巨大作用,有效维持了二十年来南海地区局势的总体和平稳定。但同时《宣言》作为一份政治性文件,其落实并非一帆风顺,既受到争端国之间海上主张和利益诉求冲突带来的掣肘,又面临一些域外国家的干扰。中国与东盟国家在积极推进《宣言》落实的同时,也在加快“南海行为准则”磋商进程方面取得积极进展,为探索构建地区海上规则、实现南海长治久安做出了有益尝试。通过梳理《宣言》谈判过程,可以发现有价值的经验和教训,从而为“南海行为准则”磋商提供参考,并为南海海上安全秩序构建、国家间海洋争端管控等提供思路。As the first political document signed by China and ASEAN countries, the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DOC) is a phasal achievement for both sides to work together to build the regional rules. Since the signing, the DOC has played a huge role in managing maritime differences between China and relevant claimant countries, enhancing mutual trust and promoting practical maritime cooperation,and has effectively maintained the overall peace and stability of the situation in the South China Sea over the past two decades. However, as a political document, the implementation of the DOC has not been smooth. It is not only hindered by the conflict of maritime claims and interests between the disputing countries, but also is faced with interference from some countries outside the region. While actively promoting the implementation of the DOC, China and ASEAN countries have made positive progress in speeding up the consultation process of the Code of Conduct(COC) in the South China Sea, and have made useful attempts for the exploratory construction of regional maritime rules and the realization of long-term stability and security in the South China Sea. Through the analyses of DOC negotiation process, the paper attempts to reveal the valuable experience and lessons so as to provide reference for the ongoing COC consultation, along with ideas for the construction of the maritime security order in the South China Sea, and maritime dispute management among the states.

关 键 词：《南海各方行为宣言》 南海行为准则 南海形势 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]