后法典时代婚俗引致纠纷司法解决路径的审视和优化  

Examination and Refinement of the Judicial Resolution Mechanism for Marriage Customs Disputes after the Implementation of Civil Code

作　　者：曹薇薇 Cao Weiwei

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2023年第2期179-194,共16页Oriental Law

基　　金：湖南省妇女理论与实践研究课题“新时代妇女权益保障法的完善研究”(项目批准号:22ZDB04)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：民间法和实定法的关系在婚姻家庭棱镜下尤为错综复杂。民间仍有影响广泛的早婚、习俗婚礼、婚约彩礼等婚俗,在与法律规定的最低婚龄、登记程序、自愿合意等产生冲突时,司法层面体现为婚姻效力、事实婚姻认定、同居析产、同居子女抚养、婚约财产返还等纠纷,事实中可能导致有悖“公平正义”原则,违反“男女平等”国策或侵害妇女合法权益的后果。民法典收回了地方立法变通权限,维护了家事立法的统一性和法定婚姻形式的权威性,因婚嫁习俗引发的矛盾纠纷需从司法层面得到解决。然而,司法审判长期存在的经验各异、规则不一、方法不明、路径不清等问题导致类案异判现象普遍存在。后法典时代亟待厘清民俗的合理性与合法性的关系,明确引俗入审的必要可行性,在司法层面审慎“变通”处理婚俗纠纷的指导原则、价值导向和具体规则。The relationship between civil customs and statutory law seems more complicated if they are put in the prism of marriage and family.When the marriage customs,including early marriage,customary weddings and betrothal gifts,are in conflict with the statutory provisions on the minimum age of marriage,registration procedures and voluntary consent,there emerge judicial disputes such as marriage validity,de facto marriage determination,cohabitation and distribution of property,raising of non-marital children and return of betrothal property.But those could be against the principle of fairness and justice or the policy of equality between men and women,or damage the legitimate rights and interests of women.The Civil Code withdraws the local legislative power,safeguards the consistency of family legislation and the authority of statutory marriage,but the conflicts arising from marriage customs need to be addressed in judicial practice.However,the practice differs a lot,rules are inconsistent,the methods are unclear and the path is under exploration,so the similar cases may be adjudicated differently.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the relationship between reasonableness and legality of civil customs after the implementation of Civil Code,states clearly the necessity and feasibility of introducing customs into judicial trial,and prudently adjust the guiding principles,value orientation and specific rules for resolving marriage customs disputes in judicial practice.

关 键 词：民间习俗 婚俗纠纷 变通规定 引俗入审 善良风俗 民法典 

分 类 号：DF55[政治法律—民商法学]