债权让与中基础合同变动的效力判定  

On the Validity of the Change of Basic Contract in the Assignment of Creditor's Right

作　　者：朱晶晶 ZHU Jingjing(School of Zhejiang University of Finance&Economics)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2023年第2期120-131,194,共13页The Jurist

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目“实体与程序双重视角下的债权人撤销权研究”(21NDQN259YB)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：债权让与中基础合同当事人对基础合同的变动本质上属于处分行为,应当抛弃协商变动和非协商变动的分类,而是区分狭义之债变动和广义之债变动,并根据让与人是否享有处分权、其处分权是否受限等基准对变动情形进行类型化,再适用“处分行为”逻辑判断相应变动是否有效。对狭义之债的变动,让与人无处分权,该变动原则上无效,例外时为保护未收到让与通知的债务人,该变动对其有效。对广义之债的变动,让与人基于基础合同当事人地位享有处分权,但应区分处分权不受限和受限两种情况。处分权不受限时,该变动完全有效。《民法典》第765条属于处理处分权受限情况的规范。依据该条规定,此时变动行为的效力状态是不得对抗受让人,而“不利影响”“通知后”“无正当理由”属于判断处分权是否受限的因素。为整合当前协商变动与非协商变动的效力状态判定进路,可改变相关非协商变动研究中仅关注形成权归属的逻辑,转而适用第765条的处分权受限逻辑。将非协商变动中原本用以判断相关形成权归属的“何者对该形成权享有更大利益”标准嵌入有无“正当理由”之中,作为判断让与人适用形成权进行处分的权限是否受有限制的关键因素。The nature of the act of changing the basic contract in the assignment of the creditor's rights is an act of disposition.The way of classifying these changes into negotiating ones and non-negotiating ones should be abandoned.They should be divided into the change of the debt in a narrow sense and the change of the debt in a broad sense.And further categorizing these changes according to the criteria of whether the assignor has the right of disposition and whether its right of disposition is limited.Then apply the“act of disposition”logic to determine whether this act is valid.The change of the debt in a narrow sense is invalid in principle.Exceptions are to protect the debtor who has not received the notice of assignment,the change is valid.The change of the debt in a broad sense should be divided into two situations.One is the right of disposition is not limited,the change is valid.The other is the right of disposition is limited.Article 765 of the Civil Code is the norm regulating such situation.Under this provision,the change cannot be against the assignee.“Receive a notice”“without justification”and“adversely affect”in article 765 are used to decide whether the assignor's right of disposition is limited.The situation in which the assignor exercises the formation right to change the basic contract can be integrated into article 765.Then“who enjoys greater interests in the formation right”will become the key factor.

关 键 词：债权让与 基础合同 保理 处分行为 形成权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]