美拉供应链“近岸外包”合作:现状、动因和前景  

“Nearshoring”Cooperation in the US⁃Latin America Supply Chain:Status Quo,Motivation and Prospects

作　　者：章婕妤 ZHANG Jieyu(China Institute of International Studies 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院拉丁美洲和加勒比研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第2期56-67,共12页Pacific Journal

摘　　要：美拉供应链“近岸外包”合作保持缓慢但稳定的发展节奏。拜登政府政策的“近岸外包”色彩更加明显,对拉美国家的吸引力不断加大。墨西哥占据美拉“近岸外包”的优先位置,但拉美其他地区的重要性正逐渐显现。美拉供应链合作有从低端制造业向高端制造业和服务业转型的趋势。美国是美拉供应链“近岸外包”的主要推手,拉美则是“近岸外包”的积极推动者。美拉供应链合作机遇在于国际形势的变化、大国地缘博弈的加快和全球经济绿色化和数字化的发展。挑战在于拉美尚未做好充分准备、实操层面存在现实困难以及美国存在“近岸”和“回流”两种相对声音。美拉供应链“近岸外包”发展前景的长期性和复杂性并存。The“Nearshoring”cooperation of the US⁃Latin supply chain maintains a slow and stable development pace.The Biden Administration's policy of the“Nearshoring”has increasingly attracted the attention from Latin American countries.Mexico is identified as the priority of the“Nearshoring”policy in Latin America while other parts of Latin America have been following this trend.The supply chain cooperation between the United States and Latin America has a tendency to transform from low⁃end manufacturing to high⁃end manufacturing and service industries.The United States is the main driver of the“Nearshoring”,and Latin America is an active promoter of this.The opportunities for supply chain cooperation between the United States and Latin America lie in the changes in the international situation,the acceleration of the geo⁃political game between major powers and the development of the green and digital global economy.The challenge is that Latin America has not yet fully prepared for the changes,having practical difficulties at the practical level and confronting two opposing voices namely“Nearshoring”and“Onshoring”in the United States.The prospect of developing“Nearshoring”in the US⁃Latin supply chain is a long⁃term and compli⁃cated project.

关 键 词：“近岸外包” 供应链 “脱钩” 美拉关系 

分 类 号：F414[经济管理—产业经济] D83[政治法律—政治学]