网络时代制造企业转型升级的内在机理与路径设计——基于战略生态位管理理论  

The Mechanism of Manufacturing Enterprise Transformation and Upgrading in the Internet Age:Based on Strategic Niche Management Theory

作　　者：汪家源 张文松[1] 陈晓春 WANG Jia-yuan;ZHANG Wen-song;CHEN Xiao-chun(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,100044,China;School of Business Administration,Beijing Institute of Materials,Beijing,101149,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044 [2]北京物资学院商学院,北京101149

出　　处：《经济管理》2023年第2期59-79,共21页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“网络时代企业转型升级的机理、路径和对策研究”(17AGL006);国家社会科学基金重点项目“平台企业治理研究”(21AZD118)。

摘　　要：长期以来我国企业被锁定在全球价值链的低端,根本原因是技术创新、市场创新以及技术与市场协同创新乏力,技术产业化、市场高端化及双自联动的效应没有得到充分发挥。互联网技术可以缓解制造企业技术能力不足和市场竞争乏力的约束,但制造企业在转型升级过程中又面临着“制度瓶颈”和“界面割裂”的双重难题。为了把战略生态位管理理论融入企业转型升级的内在过程,本文基于生态位态势理论设计了转型升级的评价指标体系来深入研究网络时代企业转型升级的影响因素与内在机理,提出了基于互联网的技术化路径、市场化路径以及协同化路径,以求从整体上重塑制造企业自主创新与自主品牌的内生性原动力。研究发现,企业技术创新、商业模式再造与组织结构优化是决定制造企业转型升级的序参量,通过技术创新形成技术生态位、商业模式再造形成市场生态位、组织结构优化形成组织生态位,通过“技术-市场-组织”的协同演化逐步实现技术产业化、市场高端化、组织平台化,共同推进制造企业的转型升级。At present,China's manufacturing enterprises are"locked"in the low-end of the global value chain,and there are many risks such as path dependence,value poverty,strategic marginalization,vicious competition and industrial hollowing,etc.The fundamental reason is the weakness of technological innovation,market innovation and synergistic innovation of technology and market,and the industrialization of technology,high-end market and The effect of double selflinkage has not been given full play.Internet technology can alleviate the constraint of insufficient technical capability and weak market competition of manufacturing enterprises,but manufacturing enterprises are facing the double problems of"system bottleneck"and"interface fragmentation"in the process of transformation and upgrading.In order to embed the technological,market and organizational ecological niches into the internal process of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises,this paper designs an evaluation index system for transformation and upgrading based on the ecological niche theory,including resource status,organizational structure,business model,environmental adaptation,technological innovation and enterprise decision making,to deeply study the influencing factors and internal mechanism of transformation and upgrading of enterprises in the network era,and proposes the Internet-based technological,market-based and collaborative approaches.The study also proposes the Internet-based technological,market-oriented and collaborative paths in order to reshape the endogenous driving force of manufacturing enterprises'independent innovation and brands.The study finds that technological innovation,business model reengineering and organizational structure optimization are the sequential parameters that determine the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises.Manufacturing enterprises can realize technological,market and organizational changes through the construction,optimization and leap of strategic ecological niche,forming tec

关 键 词：制造企业 转型升级 战略生态位 网络时代 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]