税收激励会促进企业污染减排吗——来自增值税转型改革的经验证据  

Do Tax Incentives Promote Emission Abatement of Firms——Evidence from China’s Value-added Tax Transformation Reform

作　　者：吕越 张昊天 薛进军[3,4,5] 赵旭杰 LYU Yue;ZHANG Hao-tian;XUE Jin-jun;ZHAO Xu-jie(School of International Trade and Economics,University of International Business and Economics;PBC School of Finance,Tsinghua University;Sino-carbon Carbon Neutral Innovation Joint Laboratory Nagoya,Nagoya University;Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System;Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院 [2]清华大学五道口金融学院 [3]日本名古屋大学-中创碳投碳中和创新联合实验室 [4]碳排放权交易省部共建协同创新中心 [5]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第2期112-130,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下中国产业链供应链安全稳定战略研究”(批准号21&ZD098);国家自然科学基金面上项目“全球疫情大流行下国际国内价值链重构对中国的影响和应对策略”(批准号72073025);科技部“111高校引智基地”项目“全球价值链研究学科创新引智基地”(批准号B18014)。

摘　　要：绿色发展是新发展理念的关键内容。本文以2004—2009年中国增值税转型改革为制度背景,研究了税收激励如何影响企业污染排放这一问题。本文首先构建了一个理论模型,刻画增值税转型改革这一税收激励政策对企业污染排放的影响机制,并分解出研发创新效应、清洁生产效应和规模扩张效应三条路径。接下来,以增值税转型改革为自然实验,运用多时点双重差分法,实证检验了该税收激励政策对企业污染排放的作用效果。结果表明,增值税转型改革会显著降低企业的污染排放。从机制分析看,增值税转型改革会激发企业投资活力,促进企业的研发创新和清洁生产,从而降低企业的污染排放;并且,增值税转型改革会扩大企业的生产规模,表明税收激励的减排效应并不以限制企业规模化发展为代价。同时,增值税转型改革的减排效果对于民营企业、资本密集型企业和东部地区企业来说更为突出。此外,增值税转型改革不仅促进了在位企业的污染减排,还导致高污染排放企业退出市场,促进低污染排放企业进入市场,从而降低了整体污染排放规模。本文丰富了绿色发展的理论和经验研究,为通过科学合理的税收激励推动环境保护与经济发展的协同共进提供了有益的政策启示。Green development is the key element of the new development philosophy. With domestic economic growth being weak,China’s environmental regulation is facing a severe challenge. Therefore,how to enhance firms’ endogenous motivation to carry out emission abatement has become a key issue.The tax incentive is one of the most important institutional designs for the government’s supply-side reform under the market economy system. In recent years,China has made public a number of tax incentive policies to stimulate firms’ investment vitality. Then,do tax incentives have the effect of enhancing firms’ endogenous motivation for emission abatement? Clarifying this issue helps to formulate effective tax incentive policies,guide firms to reduce emissions,and thus promote China’s green economic development.We study the effect of tax incentives on firms’ pollutant emissions based on China’s value-added tax(VAT)transformation reform in the period of 2004—2009. We first develop a novel heterogeneous firm model by introducing VAT incentives and firms’ pollutant emissions and decompose the effect of tax incentives on pollutant emissions of firms into the R&D effects,the clean manufacturing effects,and the scale production effects. The VAT transformation reform reduces firms’ pollutant emissions by increasing firms’ R&D investment and abatement investment,but it also increases firms’ pollutant emissions by expanding firms’ production scale. We then use the firm-level data of the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and the China Environmental Statistics from 2000 to 2012,and apply the staggered difference-indifference estimation to empirically examine the effect of tax incentives on pollutant emissions,regarding China’s VAT transformation reform in the period of 2004—2009 as a quasi-natural experiment.We find that the VAT transformation reform significantly promotes firms to reduce pollutant emissions through increased R&D investment and abatement investment of firms. Surprisingly,the VAT transformation

关 键 词：税收激励 增值税转型 污染治理 绿色税制 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]