中国法域外适用法律体系视野下的行政执法  

Administrative Law Enforcement From the Perspective of Extraterritorial Applicable Law System of China

作　　者：廖诗评[1] LIAO Shi-ping(Law School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2023年第2期55-67,共13页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重点项目“构建‘内外统筹公私联动’的《反外国制裁法》实施机制研究”(项目编号:22AFX025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,党和国家旗帜鲜明地提出加快推进我国法域外适用法律体系建设的行动目标,并将其作为统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的重要抓手。行政执法规则是中国法域外适用法律体系的重要组成部分,因此有必要在域外适用的框架下对中国现行行政执法规则进行重新审视。域外适用强调将本国法适用于本国管辖范围之外的人、物和行为,而行政执法的属地性往往要求行政机关只能在本国管辖领域内执法,这给行政机关针对本国管辖范围外的对象执法带来了困难,需要通过增设“效果”或“影响”等连接点作为完善执法的手段。此外,经济制裁和反制裁措施是域外适用的典型措施,往往由行政机关负责实施,尽管这类措施大多与国家安全等重要利益相关,但不宜将其绝对排除在现行中国行政法体系之外,而是需要引入“二分法”,通过具体问题具体分析的方式,将与国家安全不存在直接必要联系的制裁措施剥离开来,使其受到行政法规则和原则的约束,实现完善涉外法治的目标。In recent years,the Party and the state have set a clear goal of accelerating the construction of our extraterritorial applicable law system and regard it as an important step to promote domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law.Administrative law enforcement rules are an important part of China􀆳s extraterritorial applicable law system,so it is necessary to re-examine China􀆳s current administrative law enforcement rules under the extraterritorial application framework.Extraterritorial application emphasizes applying domestic laws to people,things and behavior outside national jurisdiction,but the territoriality of administrative law enforcement often requests that the administrative organs enforce laws within their jurisdiction areas,which creates difficulties to law enforcement upon objects outside national jurisdiction.Thus,“effect”or“influence”and other linking points should be supplemented to expand the law enforcement methods.In addition,economic sanctions and anti-sanctions are typical measures of extraterritorial application,which are often implemented by the administrative organs.Although such measures are mostly associated with important interests,such as national security,they shouldn’t be excluded from the current Chinese administrative law system;instead,“dichotomy”needs to be int roduced.By analyzing specific issues,we should separate the sanctions that are not directly necessary for national security and make them subject to the rules and principles of administrative law,so as to achieve the goal of improving the foreignrelated rule of law.

关 键 词：域外适用 行政执法 行政行为 经济制裁 国际法 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]