人居环境的生态网络演进:从空间形态走向网络科学  

Evolution of Ecological Networks in Human Settlement:From Spatial Patterns to NetworkScience

作　　者：黄勇[1,2] 曾干 朱芝铮 HUANG Yong;ZENG Gan;ZHU Zhizheng

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400030 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400030

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2023年第2期12-22,共11页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“村镇空间扩展的时空模拟关键技术”(2018YFD1100804)。

摘　　要：人居环境是由多个子系统组成的复杂系统,理解自然系统与其他系统间的复杂交互关系对于生态可持续发展至关重要。网络科学是研究复杂系统的重要科学,在定量刻画系统结构、动态变化、推动系统治理等方面具有巨大应用潜力。在网络科学视角下,从人居环境系统、城市、景观、区域四个角度,首先梳理了城乡规划学与生态学交叉领域中重要生态理论的学术研究脉络,基于网络类型将其演进过程总结为视觉轴线网络、公园绿地网络、生态系统网络、人居生态网络四个阶段。接着根据网络构成实质,在演进过程中进一步提炼出以空间连接关系、生态分室模型、生态服务过程和系统基础结构为核心的四种代表性网络研究方法。最后通过梳理类型与方法之间的基本关系,凝练出在政策决议和空间布局两个层面的空间规划干预措施,构建空间响应逻辑框架。研究旨在深化网络分析可用于描述人居环境系统、推进人居环境可持续发展的认识,促进网络科学在我国空间规划中的应用与实践。Human settlement is a complex system composed of several subsystems,and understanding the complex interactions between natural systems and other systems is crucial to ecological sustainability.Network science is an important science for studying complex systems and has significant application potential in quantitatively portraying system structure,dynamic changes and promoting system governance.From the perspectives of network science,the academic research on important ecological theories at the intersection of urban and rural planning and ecology is firstly reviewed from four perspectives of human settlement:system,city,landscape and region,and its evolution is summarised into four stages based on network types:visual axis network,park and green space network,ecosystem network and habitat ecological network.Then,based on the essence of network composition,four representative network research methods are further refined in the process of evolution,with spatial connectivity,ecological compartment models,ecological service processes and system infrastructure as the core.Finally,by sorting out the basic relationships between the types and methods,the spatial planning interventions at the levels of policy resolution and spatial layout are condensed,and a logical framework for spatial response is constructed.The study aims to deepen the understanding that network analysis can be used to describe habitat systems and promote sustainable habitat development,and to promote the application and practice of network science in spatial planning in China.

关 键 词：人居环境 网络科学 生态网络 空间规划 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]