转型期中国大都市区居住空间分异:演变逻辑与多重效应  

Residential Differentiation in Metropolitan Areas in Transitional China:Evolution Logic and Multiple Effects

作　　者：唐伟成[1] TANG Weicheng

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2023年第2期48-54,共7页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(批准号:52208080);上海市浦江人才计划(项目编号:22PJC107)。

摘　　要：大都市区居住空间分异是中国社会快速转型的产物。通过本土化、历时性分析框架建构,追溯中国大都市区居住空间分异的历史脉络,并剖析其潜藏效应。在此框架下,重点辨析了三组关系:(1)国家尺度对大都市区尺度的建构性影响。1978年以来的经济体制改革作为国家的结构性动因,在引入市场力量的同时,自上而下地推动了一系列、体系性的社会与城乡变化,这些变化促进了大都市区的快速生成与具象建构。(2)大都市区社会空间建构中的重要主体及互动关系。地方发展行为逻辑与土地组织方式发生重大转变,住房的结构化、非均衡供给与消费市场分化之间的持续互动与匹配,加速了大都市区居住空间分异的成型。(3)空间形式在经济社会维度的扩展影响。空间最直观,经济层面次之,社会层面较为隐蔽。三者交叉扭结在一起,加速社会结构与阶层的定型化,对大都市区与国家尺度产生了双重的反作用力。从制度与空间层面来减少社会结构中的对抗性因素,促进社会融合发展,是未来应对大都市区空间分异的政策取向。Residential differentiation in China's metropolitan areas is a product of the tremendous social transition.By establishing a framework for localized and diachronic analysis,this paper traces the historical path of residential differentiation in China's metropolitan areas and analyses its potential implications.Three sets of relationships are explored:First,the constructive influence of the national scale on the metropolitan scale.Since 1978,economic reforms have been a structural driver,introducing market forces and promoting a series of changes in social fields and urban-rural relations that facilitate the formation and growth of metropolitan areas.Second,important subjects and interactions in the construction of social space.The development logic of local governments and modes of urban land management underwent significant changes.The constant interaction and matching between imbalanced housing supply and consumer market disparities has accelerated residential differentiation in metropolitan areas.Third,the extended influence of spatial form in economic and social dimensions.The spatial level is the easiest to perceive,followed by the economic level,and then the social level with its hidden characteristics.These three levels are intertwined and accelerate the stabilization of social stratification in metropolitan areas,with inverse effects on both the metropolitan scale and the national scale.Reducing confrontational factors of the social structure and promoting social integration through institutional and environmental design should be the policy orientation for the future.

关 键 词：经济转型 社会分化 供给策略 资产属性 阶层再生产 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]