长江水生生物资源与环境本底状况调查(2017—2021)  

Status of aquatic organisms resources and their environments in the Yangtze River system(2017—2021)

作　　者：杨海乐 沈丽[1] 何勇凤[2] 田辉伍[1] 高雷[1] 吴金明[1] 梅志刚[2] 魏念 王琳[3] 朱挺兵[1] 胡飞飞 龚进玲 杜红春 段辛斌[1] 邓华堂[1] 王导群 朱峰跃[1] 李云峰[1] 吴凡[1] 茹辉军[1] 张燕[1] 李君轶[1] 杨俊琳 周运涛[1] 方冬冬 王银平[4] 蔺丹清 杨彦平[4] 李佩杰 刘思磊 杨健[4] 庄平[5] 王思凯[5] 张涛[5] 杨刚[5] 杨文波[3] 袁立来 曹坤[3] 徐硕[6] 刘慧媛 梁志强[7] 王崇瑞[7] 李鸿[7] 袁希平[7] 杨鑫[7] 傅义龙[8] 张燕萍[8] 章海鑫[8] 陶志英[8] 王生[8] 高小平[9] 金斌松[10] 李柯懋[11] 王国杰[11] 简生龙[11] 李英钦[11] 薛晨江[12] 雷春云[12] 薛绍伟[12] 孙昳[12] 朱滨[13] 邵科[13] 胡兴坤[13] 熊美华[13] 杜军[14] 何斌[14] 颜涛[14] 黄颖颖[14] 邹远超[15] 谢碧文[15] 王永明[15] 李斌[15] 刘飞[2] 张瑶瑶[2] 范飞[2] 王志坚[16] 黄静[16] 辜浩然[16] 葛海龙[16] 但言[17] 李燕[17] 王恕桥[17] 张闯[17] 周路[18] 王雪[18] 曾圣[18] 向燕[18] 何绪刚[19] 覃剑晖[19] 夏成星[19] 侯杰[19] 石义付[20] 高立方[20] 朱志强[20] 沈红保[21] 杜耘[22] 段学军[23] 熊嘉武[24] 杨德国[1] 刘绍平[1] 倪朝辉[1] 张辉[1] 刘凯[4] 赵峰[5] 李应仁[3] 王剑伟[2] 危起伟[1] YANG Haile;SHEN Li;HE Yongfeng;TIAN Huiwu;GAO Lei;WU Jinming;MEI Zhigang;WEI Nian;WANG Lin;ZHU Tingbing;HU Feifei;GONG Jinling;DU Hongchun;DUAN Xinbin;DENG Huatang;WANG Daoqun;ZHU Fengyue;LI Yunfeng;WU Fan;RU Huijun;ZHANG Yan;LI Junyi;YANG Junlin;ZHOU Yuntao;FANG Dongdong;WANG Yinping;LIN Danqing;YANG Yanping;LI Peijie;LIU Silei;YANG Jian;ZHUANG Ping;WANG Sikai;ZHANG Tao;YANG Gang;YANG Wenbo;YUAN Lilai;CAO Kun;XU Shuo;LIU Huiyuan;LIANG Zhiqiang;WANG Chongrui;LI Hong;YUAN Xiping;YANG Xin;FU Yilong;ZHANG Yanping;ZHANG Haixin;TAO Zhiying;WANG Sheng;GAO Xiaoping;JIN Binsong;LI Kemao;WANG Guojie;JIAN Shenglong;LI Yingqin;XUE Chenjiang;LEI Chunyun;XUE Shaowei;SUN Yi;ZHU Bin;SHAO Ke;HU Xingkun;XIONG Meihua;DU Jun;HE Bin;YAN Tao;HUANG Yingying;ZOU Yuanchao;XIE Biwen;WANG Yongming;LI Bin;LIU Fei;ZHANG Yaoyao;FAN Fei;WANG Zhijian;HUANG Jing;GU Haoran;GE Hailong;DAN Yan;LI Yan;WANG Shuqiao;ZHANG Chuang;ZHOU Lu;WANG Xue;ZENG Sheng;XIANG Yan;HE Xugang;QIN Jianhui;XIA Chengxing;HOU Jie;SHI Yifu;GAO Lifang;ZHU Zhiqiang;SHEN Hongbao;DU Yun;DUAN Xuejun;XIONG Jiawu;YANG Deguo;LIU Shaoping;NI Zhaohui;ZHANG Hui;LIU Kai;ZHAO Feng;LI Yingren;WANG Jianwei;WEI Qiwei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Institute of Fisheries Engineering,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Hunan Fisheries Science Institute,Changsha 410153,China;Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute,Nanchang 330039,China;Jiujiang Academy of Fishery Sciences,Jiujiang 332000,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanchang U

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国水产科学研究院资源与环境研究中心,北京100141 [4]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081 [5]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [6]中国水产科学研究院渔业工程研究所,北京100141 [7]湖南省水产科学研究所,湖南长沙410153 [8]江西省水产科学研究所,江西南昌330039 [9]九江市水产科学研究所,江西九江332000 [10]南昌大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330031 [11]青海省渔业技术推广中心,青海西宁810012 [12]云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明650111 [13]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,湖北武汉430079 [14]四川省农业科学研究院水产研究所,四川成都611731 [15]内江师范学院生命科学学院,四川内江641100 [16]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [17]重庆市水产科学研究所,重庆401120 [18]贵州省水产研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [19]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430072 [20]湖北省水产科学研究所,湖北武汉430070 [21]陕西省水产研究所,陕西西安710086 [22]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,湖北武汉430077 [23]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [24]国家林业和草原局中南调查规划院,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第2期1-28,共28页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017—2021)”。

摘　　要：长江是中华民族的母亲河,为了落实长江大保护,农业农村部统筹部署设立长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017—2021)。由中国水产科学研究院总牵头,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所技术总协调,联合流域内外24家科研院所和高校,对长江流域重点水域的鱼类种类组成及分布、鱼类资源量、濒危鱼类、长江江豚、渔业生态环境、消落区、捕捞渔业和休闲渔业等7个专题开展了系统调查。调查结果显示,(1)长江历史(2017年前)分布鱼类记录有18目37科163属443种,本次调查中有135种鱼类未采集到,新采集到15种外来鱼类;(2)当前鱼类资源数量约为8.86亿尾,重量约为12.48万t,仅相当于20世纪50年代的27.3%、80年代的58.7%,流域性优势种为鲤、鲫、鲢、黄颡鱼、短颌鲚、鲇、蛇、草鱼、光泽黄颡鱼、䱗、鳜、铜鱼、翘嘴鲌、鳊、鳙,重量占比达50%,数量占比达45%;(3)长江流域的国家一、二级重点保护鱼类29种(属),本次调查共记录到15种,白鲟已被IUCN认定灭绝,鯮和鲥已多年未见野生个体,长江鲟被IUCN认定野外灭绝,中华鲟、胭脂鱼和松江鲈多年未见自然繁殖;(4)2017—2021年,长江中下游干流、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的长江江豚个体数量整体稳中有升,分布范围有所扩大;(5)长江流域水质总体较好,整体符合渔业水质标准;(6)长江流域重点水域2019—2020年最大水面19663 km^(2),最小水面14281km^(2),消落区总面积6337 km^(2),其中反季节性消落区633 km^(2);(7)禁捕前,长江捕捞渔业从业者以初中学历以下的中老年为主。调查结果表明,长江全面禁捕退捕是长江水生生态系统保护的生态工程,更是渔民产业转型生存条件改善的民生工程,禁捕后鱼类资源将有显著恢复,长江江豚种群规模也有望稳中有升,但濒危鱼类的处境依然堪忧,衰退的消落区将成为制约未来长江水生生态系统恢复的限制性因素。作为长江流域重要�The Yangtze River is the mother river of China.To promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river,the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation(2017-2021)supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,carried out by 24 universities and institutes mainly located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the statued of(1)fish species composition and spatial distribution,(2)current fish abundance,(3)endangered fishes,(4)Yangtze finless porpoise,(5)aquatic eco-environments,(6)water-level fluctuation areas,(7)capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries,including Yalong River,Heng River,Min River(including Dadu River),Chishui River,Tuo River,Jialing River,Wu River,Han River,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.The results showed that there were 443 fish species(belonging to 163 genera,37 families,and 18 orders)before 2017,but only 323 fish species(including 15newly recorded exotic species)were recorded in the project of 2017-2021.Among them,Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Coilia brachygnathus,Silurus asotus,Saurogobio dabryi,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Siniperca chuatsi,Coreius heterodon,Culter alburnus,Parabramis pekinensis,and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species in the whole Yangtze River system.It was estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg,merely equivalent to 27.3% of the resources in 1950s,30.9% of the resources in 1960s,or 58.7% of the resources in 1980s.In the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system,only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of 2017-2021.Psephurus gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and Luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct already.Acipenser dabryanus has been affirmed to be E

关 键 词：鱼类 长江江豚 资源量 水生生态系统 渔业 本底调查 长江水系 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]