长江流域水域及消落区现状、变迁与渔业资源变动  

Status and transition of surface water fluctuation zones in the Yangtze River basin and fishery resource change

作　　者：王琳[1] 丁放[1] 曹坤[1] 袁立来 毛智慧 李慧峰 张孝勇 李凯 杨文波[1] 李小恕[1] 李慧琴[1] 张辉[2] 吴金明[2] 杨海乐 朱挺兵[2] 杨德国[2] 倪朝晖[2] 李云峰[2] 林祥明 李应仁[1] 危起伟[2] WANG Lin;DING Fang;CAO Kun;YUAN Lilai;MAO Zhihui;LI Huifeng;ZHANG Xiaoyong;LI Kai;YANG Wenbo;LI Xiaoshu;LI Huiqin;ZHANG Hui;WU Jinming;YANG Haile;ZHU Tingbing;YANG Deguo;NI Zhaohui;LI Yunfeng;LIN Xiangming;LI Yingren;WEI Qiwei(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Remote Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院资源与环境研究中心,农业农村部渔业遥感科学观测实验站,北京100141 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第2期29-47,共19页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”(2017-2021);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2018HY-ZD0101);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2020TD11)。

摘　　要：采用中-大尺度遥感监测手段,对长江流域水域及消落区开展调查与分析,重点阐述长江流域从自然水体为主向人工水面为主的变化趋势,及其对长江流域天然渔业资源衰退的潜在影响。结果显示,近40年全长江流域历史最大水面约63360 km^(2),最小水面约26396 km^(2),历史最大消落面积约36964 km^(2)。2019—2020年“一江两湖七河”最大水面约为19663 km^(2),最小水面约为14281 km^(2),消落区面积6337 km^(2),其中反季节性消落区633km^(2)。2001—2020年和1984—2000年两时段相比,地表水减少水面中超过80%来自于具有自然水文情势的消落区,而新增水面中,由于水库充填导致的河流水面增加达5500 km^(2),致使长江流域水域类型组成结构发生了巨大转变,自然水体占比不足20世纪80年代的一半,而同时期的鱼类资源现存量也下降为20世纪80年代的一半。本研究首次明确反季节性消落区的概念,探讨了长江流域河流梯级水库充填形成的反季节性消落区与鱼类“三场”(产卵场、索饵场和越冬场)关键栖息地丧失的关系。The water fluctuation zones are widely distributed in the Yangtze River Basin,with diverse types,different kinds of formation,various functions and complex habitats.The intensive analysis of the historical changes,current situation and component types of the water fluctuation zones is of great significance for maintaining the aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem balance along the banks of rivers and lakes,and protecting the ecological and environmental security of the Yangtze River system.In this paper,the medium-large scale remote sensing monitoring method is used to investigate and analyze the water area and the fluctuation area of the Yangtze River Basin,focusing on the change trend from the natural water body to the artificial water surface,and its potential impact on the decline of the natural fishery resources in the Yangtze River Basin.The results show that,in the past 40 years,the historical maximum water surface of the whole Yangtze River Basin is about 63,360 km^(2),the minimum water surface is about 26,396 km^(2),and the historical maximum ebb and flow area is about 36,964 km^(2).From 2019 to2020,the"One River,Two Lakes and Seven Rivers"region had a maximum water surface of 19,663 km^(2),a minimum water surface of 14,281 km^(2),and a fluctuation area of 6,337 km^(2),including an anti-seasonal fluctuation area of 633 km^(2).Compared to period of 2001-2020 and period 1984-2000,more than 80%of the reduction of surface water was due to the loss of the area of seasonal natural water fluctuation,while the increase that resulted from reservoir filling was up to 5500 km^(2).As a result,the structure of water ecosystem in the Yangtze River basin changed dramatically.The proportion of natural water body and fish resources was less than half of that in the1980s.Furthermore,this study clarified the concept of anti-seasonal artificial water fluctuation area for the first time,and investigated the relationship between the anti-seasonal artificial water fluctuation zone formed by the filling of cascade reservoirs in th

关 键 词：水库充填 消落区 栖息地 水文情势 长时间序列 多尺度遥感 长江 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]